The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783 | Page 3

Provinces 139 Triple alliance between England, Holland, and Sweden 140 Anger of Louis XIV. 140 Leibnitz proposes to Louis to seize Egypt 141 His memorial 142 Bargaining between Louis XIV. and Charles II. 143 The two kings declare war against the United Provinces 144 Military character of this war 144 Naval strategy of the Dutch 144 Tactical combinations of De Ruyter 145 Inefficiency of Dutch naval administration 145 Battle of Solebay, 1672 146 Tactical comments 147 Effect of the battle on the course of the war 148 Land campaign of the French in Holland 149 Murder of John De Witt, Grand Pensionary of Holland 150 Accession to power of William of Orange 150 Uneasiness among European States 150 Naval battles off Schoneveldt, 1673 151 Naval battle of the Texel, 1673 152 Effect upon the general war 154 Equivocal action of the French fleet 155 General ineffectiveness of maritime coalitions 156 Military character of De Ruyter 157 Coalition against France 158 Peace between England and the United Provinces 158 Sicilian revolt against Spain 159 Battle of Stromboli, 1676 161 Illustration of Clerk's naval tactics 163 De Ruyter killed off Agosta 165 England becomes hostile to France 166 Sufferings of the United Provinces 167 Peace of Nimeguen, 1678 168 Effects of the war on France and Holland 169 Notice of Comte d'Estr��es 170
CHAPTER IV.
ENGLISH REVOLUTION.--WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF AUGSBURG, 1688-1697.--SEA BATTLES OF BEACHY HEAD AND LA HOUGUE.
Aggressive policy of Louis XIV. 173 State of French, English, and Dutch navies 174 Accession of James II. 175 Formation of the League of Augsburg 176 Louis declares war against the Emperor of Germany 177 Revolution in England 178 Louis declares war against the United Provinces 178 William and Mary crowned 178 James II. lands in Ireland 179 Misdirection of French naval forces 180 William III. lands in Ireland 181 Naval battle of Beachy Head, 1690 182 Tourville's military character 184 Battle of the Boyne, 1690 186 End of the struggle in Ireland 186 Naval battle of La Hougue, 1692 189 Destruction of French ships 190 Influence of Sea Power in this war 191 Attack and defence of commerce 193 Peculiar characteristics of French privateering 195 Peace of Ryswick, 1697 197 Exhaustion of France: its causes 198
CHAPTER V.
WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION, 1702-1713.--SEA BATTLE OF MALAGA.
Failure of the Spanish line of the House of Austria 201 King of Spain wills the succession to the Duke of Anjou 202 Death of the King of Spain 202 Louis XIV. accepts the bequests 203 He seizes towns in Spanish Netherlands 203 Offensive alliance between England, Holland, and Austria 204 Declarations of war 205 The allies proclaim Carlos III. King of Spain 206 Affair of the Vigo galleons 207 Portugal joins the allies 208 Character of the naval warfare 209 Capture of Gibraltar by the English 210 Naval battle of Malaga, 1704 211 Decay of the French navy 212 Progress of the land war 213 Allies seize Sardinia and Minorca 215 Disgrace of Marlborough 216 England offers terms of peace 217 Peace of Utrecht, 1713 218 Terms of the peace 219 Results of the war to the different belligerents 219 Commanding position of Great Britain 224 Sea Power dependent upon both commerce and naval strength 225 Peculiar position of France as regards Sea Power 226 Depressed condition of France 227 Commercial prosperity of England 228 Ineffectiveness of commerce-destroying 229 Duguay-Trouin's expedition against Rio de Janeiro, 1711 230 War between Russia and Sweden 231
CHAPTER VI.
THE REGENCY IN FRANCE.--ALBERONI IN SPAIN.--POLICIES OF WALPOLE AND FLEURI.--WAR OF THE POLISH SUCCESSION.--ENGLISH CONTRABAND TRADE IN SPANISH AMERICA.--GREAT BRITAIN DECLARES WAR AGAINST SPAIN.--1715-1739.
Death of Queen Anne and Louis XIV. 232 Accession of George I. 232 Regency of Philip of Orleans 233 Administration of Alberoni in Spain 234 Spaniards invade Sardinia 235 Alliance of Austria, England, Holland, and France 235 Spaniards invade Sicily 236 Destruction of Spanish navy off Cape Passaro, 1718 237 Failure and dismissal of Alberoni 239 Spain accepts terms 239 Great Britain interferes in the Baltic 239 Death of Philip of Orleans 241 Administration of Fleuri in France 241 Growth of French commerce 242 France in the East Indies 243 Troubles between England and Spain 244 English contraband trade in Spanish America 245 Illegal search of English ships 246 Walpole's struggles to preserve peace 247 War of the Polish Succession 247 Creation of the Bourbon kingdom of the Two Sicilies 248 Bourbon family compact 248 France acquires Bar and Lorraine 249 England declares war against Spain 250 Morality of the English action toward Spain 250 Decay of the French navy 252 Death of Walpole and of Fleuri 253
CHAPTER VII.
WAR BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND SPAIN, 1739.--WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION, 1740.--FRANCE JOINS SPAIN AGAINST GREAT BRITAIN, 1744.--SEA BATTLES OF MATTHEWS, ANSON, AND HAWKE.--PEACE OF AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, 1748.
Characteristics of the wars from 1739 to 1783 254