number on analysis.
Some other observations were made which went to show that as
weight-numbers increased, there was a corresponding increase in the
number of bodies discerned within the chemical atom; thus, gold
showed forty-seven contained bodies; but these observations need
repetition and checking. Investigation of a molecule of water revealed
the presence of twelve bodies from hydrogen and the characteristic
snake of oxygen, the encircling walls of the chemical atoms being
broken away. But here again, further observations are necessary to
substantiate details. The present paper is only offered as a suggestion of
an inviting line of research, promising interesting results of a scientific
character; the observations recorded have been repeated several times
and are not the work of a single investigator, and they are believed to
be correct so far as they go.
THE PLATONIC SOLIDS.
Some of our readers may be glad to have a drawing of the Platonic
solids, since they play so large a part in the building up of elements.
The regular solids are five, and five only; in each:
(1) The lines are equal. (2) The angles are equal. (3) The surfaces are
equal.
[Illustration]
It will be seen that the tetrahedron is the fundamental form, the
three-sided pyramid on a triangular base, _i.e._, a solid figure formed
from four triangles. Two of these generate the cube and the octahedron;
five of these generate the dodecahedron and the icosahedron.
The rhombic dodecahedron is not regular, for though the lines and
surfaces are equal, the angles are not.
NOTES.
Mr. C. Jinarâjadâsa[1] writes:
The asterisk put before metargon in the list of elements should be
omitted, for metargon had been discovered by Sir William Ramsey and
Mr. Travers at the same time as neon (see Proceedings of the Royal
Society, vol. lxiii, p. 411), and therefore before it was observed
clairvoyantly. It is not, however, given in the latest list of elements in
the Report of November 13, 1907, of the International Atomic Weights
Commission, so it would seem as though it were not yet fully
recognised.
Neon was discovered in 1898 by Ramsey and Travers, and the weight
given to it was 22. This almost corresponds with our weight for
meta-neon, 22.33; the latest weight given to neon is 20, and that
corresponds within one-tenth to our weight, 19.9. From this it would
seem that neon was examined in the later investigations and meta-neon
in the earlier.
He says further on a probable fourth Interperiodic Group:
Thinking over the diagrams, it seemed to me likely that a fourth group
exists, coming on the paramagnetic side, directly under iron, cobalt,
nickel, just one complete swing of the pendulum after rhodium,
ruthenium, palladium. This would make four interperiodic groups, and
they would come also periodically in the table too.
I took the diagram for Osmium, and in a bar postulated only three
columns for the first element of the new groups, _i.e._, one column less
than in Osmium. This would make 183 atoms in a bar; the new group
then would follow in a bar, 183, 185, 187. Here I found to my surprise
that the third postulated group would have a remarkable relation to Os,
Ir, Pt.
Thus
Os.--245 (in a bar); less 60 = 185 Ir. 247 less 60 = 187 Pt. 249 less 60 =
189 But strange to say also Ruthenium (bar) 132 less 60--72 Rhodium
134 less 60--74 Palladium 136 less 60--76 But 72, 74, 76, are Iron,
Cobalt and Nickel.
So there does probably exist a new group with bars (183), 185, 187,
189, with atomic weights.
X=bar 185; atoms 2590, wt. 143.3 Y= 187, 2618, wt. 145.4 Z= 189,
2646, wt. 147.0. They come probably among the rare earths. Probably
also Neodymium and Praseodymium are two of them, for their weights
are 143.6, 140.5.
* * * * *
CHAPTER III.
THE LATER RESEARCHES.
The first difficulty that faced us was the identification of the forms seen
on focusing the sight on gases.[2] We could only proceed tentatively.
Thus, a very common form in the air had a sort of dumb-bell shape (see
Plate I); we examined this, comparing our rough sketches, and counted
its atoms; these, divided by 18--the number of ultimate atoms in
hydrogen--gave us 23.22 as atomic weight, and this offered the
presumption that it was sodium. We then took various
substances--common salt, etc.--in which we knew sodium was present,
and found the dumb-bell form in all. In other cases, we took small
fragments of metals, as iron, tin, zinc, silver, gold; in others, again,
pieces of ore, mineral waters, etc., etc., and, for the rarest substances,
Mr. Leadbeater visited a mineralogical museum. In all, 57 chemical
elements were examined, out of the 78 recognized by modern
chemistry.
In addition to these, we found 3 chemical waifs:
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