identical with those obtained from hydrogen. The
number of ultimate atoms contained in the gaseous atom of oxygen is
290, made up as follows:--
2 in each bead, of which there are 110: 7 in each bright spot, of which
there are 10; 2 x 110 + 70 = 290.
When the observers had worked out this, they compared it with the
number of ultimate atoms in hydrogen:--
290 / 18 = 16.11 +
The respective number of ultimate atoms contained in a chemical atom
of these two bodies are thus seen to closely correspond with their
accepted weight-numbers.
It may be said in passing that a chemical atom of ozone appears as an
oblate spheroid, with the contained spiral much compressed and
widened in the centre; the spiral consists of three snakes, one positive
and two negative, formed in a single revolving body. On raising the
chemical atom to the next plane, the snake divides into three, each
being enclosed in its own egg.
The chemical atom of nitrogen was the third selected by the students
for examination, as it seemed comparatively quiet in contrast with the
ever-excited oxygen. It proved, however, to be the most complicated of
all in its internal arrangements, and its quiet was therefore a little
deceptive. Most prominent was the balloon-shaped body in the middle,
with six smaller bodies in two horizontal rows and one large
egg-shaped one in the midst, contained in it. Some chemical atoms
were seen in which the internal arrangement of these contained bodies
was changed and the two horizontal rows became vertical; this change
seemed to be connected with a greater activity of the whole body, but
the observations on this head are too incomplete to be reliable. The
balloon-shaped body is positive, and is apparently drawn downwards
towards the negative egg-shaped body below it, containing seven
smaller particles. In addition to these large bodies, four small ones are
seen, two positive and two negative, the positive containing five and
the negative four minuter spots. On raising the gaseous atom to E 4, the
falling away of the wall sets free the six contained bodies, and both the
balloon and the egg round themselves, apparently with the removal of
their propinquity, as though they had exercised over each other some
attractive influence. The smaller bodies within the egg--marked q on E
4--are not on one plane, and those within n and o form respectively
square-based and triangular-based pyramids. On raising all these bodies
to E 3 we find the walls fall away as usual, and the contents of each
"cell" are set free: p of E 4 contains six small bodies marked k, and
these are shown in k of E 3, as containing each seven little
bodies--marked _e_--each of which has within it two ultimate atoms;
the long form of p E 4--marked _l_--appears as the long form l on E 3,
and this has three pairs of smaller bodies within it, _f'_, g and h,
containing respectively three, four and six ultimate atoms; q of E 4,
with its seven contained particles, m, has three particles m on E 3, each
showing three ultimate atoms within them; e from n of E 4 becomes i
of E 3, with contained bodies, e, showing two ultimate atoms in each;
while _e'_ from o of E 4 becomes j of E 3, each having three smaller
bodies within it, _e'_, with two ultimate atoms in each. On E 2, the
arrangement of these ultimate atoms is shown, and the pairs, _f'_, g and
h are seen with the lines of force indicated; the triads in _f_--from m of
E 3--are similarly shown, and the duads in e and _e'_--from i and j of E
3--are given in the same way. When all these bodies are raised to E 1,
the ultimate physical atoms are set free, identical, of course, with that
previously described. Reckoning up the number of ultimate physical
atoms in a chemical atom of nitrogen we find they amount to 261, thus
divided:--
62 + bodies with 2 ultimate atoms, 62 x 2 = 124 24 - " " 2 " " 24 x 2 =
48 21 - " " 3 " " 21 x 3 = 63 2 + " " 3 " " 2 x 3 = 6 2 + " " 4 " " 2 x 4 = 8
2 + " " 4 " " 2 x 6 = 12 ---- 261 This again approaches closely the
weight-number assigned to nitrogen:--
261 / 18 =14.44 +
This is interesting as checking the observations, for weight-numbers are
arrived at in so very different a fashion, and especially in the case of
nitrogen the approximation is noteworthy, from the complexity of the
bodies which yield the
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