England Under the Tudors | Page 3

and Reactionaries--1543. The King's
Book-1546. Surrey--1547. Death of Henry.

CHAPTER XI
HENRY VIII (vii), 1509-1547--ASPECTS OF HENRY'S REIGN
_Ireland_: 1509-1520--Surrey in Ireland, 1520--Irish Policy,
1520-1534--Fitzgerald's Revolt--1535-1540: Lord Leonard Grey--1540:
St. Leger--"King of Ireland"-- _England_: Wolsey's work--The
Army--The Navy--The New World-- Absolutism--The Parliamentary
Sanction--Depression of the Nobles-- Parliament and the
Purse--Finance--The Land--Learning and Letters--The
_Utopia_--Surrey and Wyatt--_Appreciation of Henry VIII._: Morals
and Character--Abilities and Achievement--Dominant Personality--
Conclusions.

CHAPTER XII
EDWARD VI (i), 1547-1549--THE PROTECTOR SOMERSET 1547.
The New Government-- Relations with France and Scotland--with
Charles V.--Somerset's Scottish Policy--Pinkie--The Advanced
Reformers--Benevolent Legislation-- Ecclesiastical Legislation--1548.
Progress of the Reformation--Somerset's Ideas--The French in

Scotland--The Augsburg Interim--Parliament--1549. A New
Liturgy--The Treason of the Lord Admiral: 1547-9--1549--Troubles in
the Provinces--The Western Rising--Ket's Insurrection--The Protector's
Attitude--The Council attacks him--His Fall--Ireland: St. Leger and
Bellingham.

CHAPTER XIII
EDWARD VI (ii), 1549-1553--THE DUDLEY ASCENDANCY 1549.
Foreign Relations-- State of England--1550. Terms with
France--Protestant zeal of Warwick-- Treasons Act--Protestant
Fanaticism-1551. The Council and Charles V.--His
Difficulties--Groups among the Reformers--Somerset--His final
overthrow-- 1552. Execution of Somerset--Pacification of
Passau--English Neutrality-- The Reformation: its Limits
hitherto--Revision of the Liturgy-- Nonconformity--Parliament--1553.
A New Parliament--Northumberland's Programme--Plot to change the
Succession--Adhesion of King and Council-- Death of Edward
VI.--Willoughby and Chancellor.

CHAPTER XIV
MARY (i), 1553-1555-THE SPANISH MARRIAGE The Marian
Tragedies--1553. Proclamation of Queen Jane--The People support
Mary--Collapse of the Plot-- Mary's Leniency--Cause of the Popular
Loyalty--Problems: Marriage and the Reformation--Possible
Claimants--Moderate Reaction--Proposed Spanish Match --Parliament:
Repeal of Edward's Legislation--1554. Wyatt's Rebellion and the Lady
Elizabeth--Subsequent Severities--The Marriage Treaty-Pole, Renard,
and Gardiner--Public Tension--Parliament; Reconciliation with Rome
--Reaction consummated, 1555.

CHAPTER XV
MARY (ii), 1555-1558-THE PERSECUTION Mary's early
Policy--The Persecution-- Who was Responsible?--Comparison with
other Persecutions--Some Characteristic Features--1555. The First
Martyrs--Trial of Cranmer--Ridley and Latimer--Fate of Cranmer--His
Record and Character--Policy of Philip-- Paul IV.--Mary disappointed
of an Heir--A New Parliament--Gardiner's Death and
Character--Mary's Difficulties--1556. The Dudley Conspiracy--Foreign
Complications--1557. War with France--1558. Loss of Calais--National
Depression--Mary's Death and Character.

CHAPTER XVI
ELIZABETH (i), 1558-1561-A PASSAGE PERILOUS
1558. Accession--Mary Stewart's Claim--Strength of Elizabeth's
Position-- Sir William Cecil--Finance--Philip II. and Elizabeth's
Marriage--The Religious Question--A Protestant Policy--1559.
Parliament: Act of Supremacy--The Prayer-Book--France and
Peace--State of Scotland--Arran and Elizabeth--The Archduke
Charles--Wynter in the Forth--1560. Difficulties of
France--Vacillations of Elizabeth--Siege of Leith--Treaty of
Edinburgh-- Elizabeth's Methods--The Dudley Imbroglio--The
Huguenots--The Pope--1561. Return of Mary to Scotland.

CHAPTER XVII
ELIZABETH (ii), 1561-1568-QUEENS AND SUITORS 1561. The
Situation--Council of Trent--France; State of Parties--1561-8. France:
Catholics and Huguenots --The Netherlands: Philip's Policy--Prelude to
War--1561. The Queens' suitors--1562. Mary in Scotland--1562-3.
Elizabeth and the Huguenots--The English Succession-1564. Darnley

and Others--1565. The Darnley Marriage-- Mary and Murray--1566.
The Murder of Rizzio--1567. Kirk o' Field--The Bothwell
Marriage--Mary at Loch Leven--Murray Regent--1568. Langside, and
the Flight to England--1562-8. Protestantism of Elizabeth's
Government-- Religious Parties--1566-7. Parliament and the Queen's
Marriage--The Queen and the Archduke.

CHAPTER XVIII
ELIZABETH (iii), 1568-1572--THE CATHOLIC CHALLENGE 1568.
Mary in England--A Commission of Enquiry--Proceedings at
York--Attitude of Philip--The Commission at Westminster--Comment
on the Enquiry--Seizure of Spanish Treasure--1569. The Incident
passed over--The Northern Rebellion--1570. Murder of Murray--The
Bull of Deposition--The Anjou Match--1570-1. The Ridolfi Plot--1571.
Parliament--Collapse of the Anjou Match--The Ridolfi Plot
Develops--1572. Parliament and Mary Stewart--Lepanto--The
Netherlands Revolt--The Alençon Match--St. Bartholomew.

CHAPTER XIX
ELIZABETH (iv), 1572-1578--VARIUM ET MUTABILE Elizabeth's
Diplomacy--The Queen's Subjects--Development of
Protestantism--1572. Katharine de Medici --The Aim of
Elizabeth--England and the Massacre--Spain seeks Amity--1573. A
Spanish Alliance--Scotland: End of the Marian Party--The Netherlands,
France, and Spain--The Netherlands, England, and Spain--1574.
Amicable Relations of England and Spain--1575. A Deadlock--1576.
Attitude of the Nation--The Queen evades War--Alençon and the
Huguenots--The Netherlands and Don John--Elizabeth's Attitude--1577.
The Political Kaleidoscope--The Archduke Matthias--1578.
Mendoza--Orange and Alençon--Death of Don John-- NOTE: The
Portuguese Succession.

CHAPTER XX
ELIZABETH (v), 1558-1578--IRISH AND ENGLISH 1549-58--1558.
Shan O'Neill-- The Antrim Scots--1560-1. Shan and the
Government--1562. Shan in England-- 1563-5. Shan's supremacy in
Ulster recognised--1566. Sir Henry Sidney Deputy--Overthrow of
O'Neill--Catholicism in Irish Politics--1568. The Colonising of
Munster--1569. Insurrection in Munster--Ireland and Philip--
Experimental Presidencies--1573-4. Essex in Ulster--1576-8. Sidney's
second Deputyship.

CHAPTER XXI
ELIZABETH (vi), 1578-1583--THE PAPAL ATTACK 1579. The
Union of Utrecht-- 1578. The Matrimonial Juggle--Alençon's
wooing--1579. Popular Hostility to the Match--Loyalty to
Elizabeth--Yea and Nay--The Papal Plan of Campaign-- 1580. Philip
annexes Portugal--_Ireland_: 1579; the Desmond Rising-- 1580: Fire
and Sword--Development of the Rebellion--Smerwick: and after--
_Scotland_: 1579-1581--_England_: 1580--The Jesuit Mission--
Walsingham at Work--1581. An Anti-papal Parliament--Alençon
redivivus--His visit to England--1582. Alençon in the
Netherlands--1583. Exit Alençon--Scotland.

CHAPTER XXII
ELIZABETH (vii), 1583-1587-THE END OF QUEEN MARY 1583.
Throgmorton's Conspiracy--Catholics abroad sanguine--Division in
their Counsels--The Plot discovered--1584. Assassination of
Orange--The "Association"--1585. Its Ratification--France: The Holy
League--Elizabeth's agreement with the States--Drake's Cartagena

Raid--Elizabeth's Intrigues-1586. Leicester in the Netherlands--The
Trapping of Mary--Babington's Plot--Trial of the Queen of
Scots--Elizabeth and Mary--1587. Execution of Mary.

CHAPTER XXIII
ELIZABETH (viii), 1558-1587-THE SEAMEN The New World--The
English Marine before Elizabeth--The Royal
Navy--Privateering--"Piracy"--Reprisal--The Explorers--Spain in
America--John Hawkins, 1562-6--San Juan d'Ulloa, 1567-- Francis
Drake--Darien Expedition, 1572--Oxenham, 1575--_Drake's Great