Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition | Page 2

Post-Exilic Prophets_; &c.
- ANGEL
W.H.Di. - WILLIAM HENRY DINES, F.R.S.
- ANEMOMETER
W.M.R. - WILLIAM MICHAEL ROSSETTI. See the biographical
article: ROSSETTI, DANTE GABRIEL.
- ANGELICO, FRA
PRINCIPAL UNSIGNED ARTICLES
Anglican Communion. Angola.
[Note regarding E-text edition: Volume and page numbers have been
incorporated into the text at the first paragraph break of each page as:
v.02 p.0001 ]

THE ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA

ELEVENTH EDITION
VOLUME II,


PART I
[v.02 p.0001]
ANDROS, SIR EDMUND (1637-1714), English colonial governor in
America, was born in London on the 6th of December 1637, son of
Amice Andros, an adherent of Charles I., and the royal bailiff of the
island of Guernsey. He served for a short time in the army of Prince
Henry of Nassau, and in 1660-1662 was gentleman in ordinary to the
queen of Bohemia (Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of James I. of England).
He then served against the Dutch, and in 1672 was commissioned
major in what is said to have been the first English regiment armed
with the bayonet. In 1674 he became, by the appointment of the duke
of York (later James II.), governor of New York and the Jerseys,
though his jurisdiction over the Jerseys was disputed, and until his
recall in 1681 to meet an unfounded charge of dishonesty and
favouritism in the collection of the revenues, he proved himself to be a
capable administrator, whose imperious disposition, however, rendered
him somewhat unpopular among the colonists. During a visit to
England in 1678 he was knighted. In 1686 he became governor, with
Boston as his capital, of the "Dominion of New England," into which
Massachusetts (including Maine), Plymouth, Rhode Island,
Connecticut and New Hampshire were consolidated, and in 1688 his
jurisdiction was extended over New York and the Jerseys. But his
vexatious interference with colonial rights and customs aroused the
keenest resentment, and on the 18th of April 1689, soon after news of
the arrival of William, prince of Orange, in England reached Boston,
the colonists deposed and arrested him. In New York his deputy,
Francis Nicholson, was soon afterwards deposed by Jacob Leisler (q.v.);
and the inter-colonial union was dissolved. Andros was sent to England
for trial in 1690, but was immediately released without trial, and from
1692 until 1698 he was governor of Virginia, but was recalled through
the agency of Commissary James Blair (q.v.), with whom he quarrelled.

In 1693-1694 he was also governor of Maryland. From 1704 to 1706 he
was governor of Guernsey. He died in London in February 1714 and
was buried at St. Anne's, Soho.
See The Andros Tracts (3 vols., Boston, 1869-1872).

ANDROS, or ANDRO, an island of the Greek archipelago, the most
northerly of the Cyclades, 6 m. S.E. of Euboea, and about 2 m. N. of
Tenos; it forms an eparchy in the modern kingdom of Greece. It is
nearly 25 m. long, and its greatest breadth is 10 m. Its surface is for the
most part mountainous, with many fruitful and well-watered valleys.
Andros, the capital, on the east coast, contains about 2000 inhabitants.
The ruins of Palaeopolis, the ancient capital, are on the west coast; the
town possessed a famous temple, dedicated to Bacchus. The island has
about 18,000 inhabitants.
The island in ancient times contained an Ionian population, perhaps
with an admixture of Thracian blood. Though originally dependent on
Eretria, by the 7th century B.C. it had become sufficiently prosperous
to send out several colonies to Chalcidice (Acanthus, Stageirus, Argilus,
Sane). In 480 it supplied ships to Xerxes and was subsequently harried
by the Greek fleet. Though enrolled in the Delian League it remained
disaffected towards Athens, and in 447 had to be coerced by the
settlement of a cleruchy. In 411 Andros proclaimed its freedom and in
408 withstood an Athenian attack. As a member of the second Delian
League it was again controlled by a garrison and an archon. In the
Hellenistic period Andros was contended for as a frontier-post by the
two naval powers of the Aegean Sea, Macedonia and Egypt. In 333 it
received a Macedonian garrison from Antipater; in 308 it was freed by
Ptolemy I. In the Chremonidean War (266-263) it passed again to
Macedonia after a battle fought off its shores. In 200 it was captured by
a combined Roman, Pergamene and Rhodian fleet, and remained a
possession of Pergamum until the dissolution of that kingdom in 133
B.C. Before falling under Turkish rule, Andros was from A.D. 1207 till
1566 governed by the families Zeno and Sommariva under Venetian
protection.

ANDROTION (c. 350 B.C.), Greek orator, and one of the leading
politicians of his time, was a pupil of Isocrates and a contemporary of
Demosthenes. He is known to us chiefly from the speech of
Demosthenes, in which he was accused of illegality in proposing