Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition | Page 3

the
usual honour of a crown to the Council of Five Hundred at the
expiration of its term of office. Androtion filled several important posts,
and during the Social War was appointed extraordinary commissioner
to recover certain arrears of taxes. Both Demosthenes and Aristotle
(_Rhet._ iii. 4) speak favourably of his powers as an orator. He is said
to have gone into exile at Megara, and to have composed an _Atthis_,
or annalistic account of Attica from the earliest times to his own days
(Pausanias vi. 7; x. 8). It is disputed whether the annalist and orator are
identical, but an Androtion who wrote on agriculture is certainly a
different person. Professor Gaetano de Sanctis (in _L'Attide di
Androzione e un papiro di Oxyrhynchos_, Turin, 1908) attributes to
Androtion, the atthidographer, a 4th-century historical fragment,
discovered by B.P. Grenfell and A.S. Hunt (_Oxyrhynchus Papyri_, vol.
v.). Strong arguments against this view are set forth by E.M. Walker in
the _Classical Review_, May 1908.
[v.02 p.0002]

ANDÚJAR (the anc. _Slilurgi_), a town of southern Spain, in the
province of Jaén; on the right bank of the river Guadalquivir and the
Madrid-Cordova railway. Pop. (1900) 16,302. Andújar is widely
known for its porous earthenware jars, called _alcarrazas_, which keep
water cool in the hottest weather, and are manufactured from a whitish
clay found in the neighbourhood.

ANECDOTE (from [Greek: an]-, privative, and [Greek: ekdidomi], to
give out or publish), a word originally meaning something not
published. It has now two distinct significations. The primary one is
something not published, in which sense it has been used to denote
either secret histories--Procopius, _e.g._, gives this as one of the titles
of his secret history of Justinian's court--or portions of ancient writers
which have remained long in manuscript and are edited for the first
time. Of such anecdota there are many collections; the earliest was
probably L.A. Muratori's, in 1709. In the more general and popular

acceptation of the word, however, anecdotes are short accounts of
detached interesting particulars. Of such anecdotes the collections are
almost infinite; the best in many respects is that compiled by T.
Byerley (d. 1826) and J. Clinton Robertson (d. 1852), known as the
Percy Anecdotes (1820-1823).

ANEL, DOMINIQUE (1679-1730), French surgeon, was born at
Toulouse about 1679. After studying at Montpellier and Paris, he
served as surgeon-major in the French army in Alsace; then after two
years at Vienna he went to Italy and served in the Austrian army. In
1710 he was teaching surgery in Rouen, whence he went to Genoa, and
in 1716 he was practising in Paris. He died about 1730. He was
celebrated for his successful surgical treatment of _fistula lacrymalis_,
and while at Genoa invented for use in connexion with the operation
the fine-pointed syringe still known by his name.

ANEMOMETER (from Gr. [Greek: anemos], wind, and [Greek:
metron], a measure), an instrument for measuring either the velocity or
the pressure of the wind. Anemometers may be divided into two classes,
(1) those that measure the velocity, (2) those that measure the pressure
of the wind, but inasmuch as there is a close connexion between the
pressure and the velocity, a suitable anemometer of either class will
give information about both these quantities.
Velocity anemometers may again be subdivided into two classes, (1)
those which do not require a wind vane or weathercock, (2) those
which do. The Robinson anemometer, invented (1846) by Dr. Thomas
Romney Robinson, of Armagh Observatory, is the best-known and
most generally used instrument, and belongs to the first of these. It
consists of four hemispherical cups, mounted one on each end of a pair
of horizontal arms, which lie at right angles to each other and form a
cross. A vertical axis round which the cups turn passes through the
centre of the cross; a train of wheel-work counts up the number of turns
which this axis makes, and from the number of turns made in any given
time the velocity of the wind during that time is calculated. The cups
are placed symmetrically on the end of the arms, and it is easy to see
that the wind always has the hollow of one cup presented to it; the back
of the cup on the opposite end of the cross also faces the wind, but the

pressure on it is naturally less, and hence a continual rotation is
produced; each cup in turn as it comes round providing the necessary
force. The two great merits of this anemometer are its simplicity and
the absence of a wind vane; on the other hand it is not well adapted to
leaving a record on paper of the actual velocity at any definite instant,
and hence it leaves a short but violent gust unrecorded. Unfortunately,
when Dr. Robinson