An Icelandic Primer | Page 6

g??fgastr.
95. (2) with -ri, -str and mutation: langr (long), l??ngri, l??ngstr; st?rr (big), st?��rri, st?��rstr; ungr (young), yngri, yngstr.
96. The following are irregular:
gamall (old) ??llri ??lztr g??��r (good) b??tri b??ztr illr (bad) v??rri v??rstr l??till (little) minni minstr margr (many) fleiri flestr mikill (great) meiri mestr
Numerals
97.
CARDINAL ORDINAL
1. einn (one) fyrstr (first) 2. tveir annarr 3. ??r??r ??ri?��i 4. fj?rir fj?r?��i 5. fimm fimmti 6. sex s?��tti 7. sjau sjaundi 8. ?tta ?tti 9. n??u n??undi 10. t??u t??undi 11. ellifu ellifti 12. t?lf t?lfti 13. ??rett?n ??rett?ndi 14. fj?rt?n 15. fimmt?n 16. sext?n 17. sjaut?n 18. ?tj?n 19. n??tj?n 20. tuttugu 21. einn ok tuttugu, etc. 30. ??r??r tigir, etc. 100. t??u tigir 110. ellifu tigir 120. hundra?�� 1200. ????sund
einn is declined like other adjectives:--
98.
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Nom. einn eitt ein Acc. einn eitt eina Dat. einum einu einni Gen. eins eins einnar
It also has a pl. einir, einar, ein; gen. einna, etc. in the sense of 'some.'
The next three show various irregularities.
99.
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Nom. tveir tvau tv?|r Acc. tv? tvau tv?|r Dat. tveim tveim tveim Gen. tv??ggja tv??ggja tv??ggja
Similarly b??��ir (both):
100.
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Nom. b??��ir b?|?��i b??��ar Acc. b??��a b?|?��i b??��ar Dat. b??��um b??��um b??��um Gen. b??ggja b??ggja b??ggja
101.
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Nom. ??r??r ??rj?? ??rj?r Acc. ??rj? ??rj?? ??rj?r Dat. ??rim ??rim ??rim Gen. ??riggja ??riggja ??riggja
102.
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Nom. fj?rir fjogur fj?rar Acc. fj?ra fjogur fj?rar Dat. fj?rum fj?rum fj?rum Gen. fjogurra fjogurra fjogurra
103. The others are indeclinable up to ??r??r tigir, etc.; the tigir being declined regularly as a plural strong u-masculine tigir, tigu, tigum, tiga.
104. hundra?�� is a strong neut.: tvau hundru?�� (240), _tveim hundru?��um, etc. It governs the gen. (as also does ????sund_): fimm hundru?�� g?lfa, 'five (six) hundred chambers.'
105. ????sund is a strong ir-feminine: tv?|r ????sundir (2400).
106. hundra?�� and ????sund are rarely = 100 and 1000.
107. Of the ordinals fyrstr and annarr (?�� 91) are strong, the others weak adjectives. ??ri?��i inserts a j: ??ri?��ja, etc.
Pronouns
108.
Personal
Sg. Nom. ek (I) ???? (thou) -- Acc. mik ??ik sik (oneself) Dat. m?��r ???��r s?��r Gen. m??n ????n s??n
Dual Nom. vit it -- Acc. okkr ykkr sik Dat. okkr ykkr s?��r Gen. okkar ykkar s??n
Pl. Nom. v?��r (we) ???��r (ye) -- Acc. oss y?��r sik (oneselves) Dat. oss y?��r s?��r Gen. v?r y?��ar s??n
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Sg. Nom. hann (he) ??at (it) hon (she) Acc. hann ??at hana Dat. honum ??v?? h??nni Gen. hans ??ess h??nnar
Pl. Nom. ??eir (they) ??au ???|r Acc. ??? ??au ???|r Dat. ??eim ??eim ??eim Gen. ??eira ??eira ??eira
109. ek was often suffixed to its verb, especially in poetry, being sometimes added twice over: m?|tta-k (I might), s?-k-a-k (I saw not; a='not'). So also ????: er-tu (art thou), skalt-u (shalt thou) = *skalt-tu.
Possessive
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Sg. Nom. minn (my) mitt m??n Acc. minn mitt m??na Dat. m??num m??nu minni Gen. m??ns m??ns minnar
Pl. Nom. m??nir m??n m??nar Acc. m??na m??n m??nar Dat. m??num m??num m??num Gen. minna minna minna
110. So also ??inn (thy), sinn (his, etc., reflexive).
111. v?rr, v?rt, v?r (our) is regular: acc. masc. v?rn, masc. plur. v?rir, v?ra, v?rum, v?rra, etc.
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Sg. Nom. y?��arr (your) y?��art y?��ur Acc. y?��arn y?��art y?��ra Dat. y?��rum y?��ru y?��arri Gen. y?��ars y?��ars y?��arrar
Pl. Nom. y?��rir y?��ur y?��rar Acc. y?��ra y?��ur y?��rar Dat. y?��rum y?��rum y?��rum Gen. y?��arra y?��arra y?��arra
112. So also okkarr (our two) and ykkarr (your two).
113. hans (his), ??ess (its), h??nnar (her), and ??eira (their) are indeclinable.
Demonstrative
114.
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Sg. Nom. s? (that) ??at s?? Acc. ??ann ??at ??? Dat. ??eim ??v?? ??eiri Gen. ??ess ??ess ??eirar
Pl. Nom. ??eir ??au ???|r Acc. ??? ??au ???|r Dat. ??eim ??eim ??eim Gen. ??eira ??eira ??eira
115. hinn, hitt, hin (that) is inflected like minn (except that its vowel is short throughout): acc. masc. hinn, plur. masc. hinir, hina, hinum, hinna.
116.
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Sg. Nom. ??essi (this) ??etta ??essi Acc. ??enna ??etta ??essa Dat. ??essum ??essu ??essi Gen. ??essa ??essa ??essar
Pl. Nom. ??essir ??essi ??essar Acc. ??essa ??essi ??essar Dat. ??essum ??essum ??essum Gen. ??essa ??essa ??essa
Definite
The prefixed definite article is declined thus:
117.
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Sg. Nom. inn it in Acc. inn it ina Dat. inum inu inni Gen. ins ins innar
Pl. Nom. inir in inar Acc. ina in inar Dat. inum inum inum Gen. inna inna inna
118. When suffixed to its noun it undergoes various changes. In its monosyllabic forms it drops its vowel after a short (un-accented) vowel, as in auga-t (the eye), but keeps it after a long vowel, as in ?-in (the river), tr?��-it (the tree). The dissyllabic forms drop their initial vowel almost everywhere; not, however, after the -ar, -r, of the gen. sg., nor in m??nninir (men, nom.), m??nn-ina (men, acc.). The -m of the dat. pl. is dropped before the suffixed -num.
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Sg. Nom. fiskr-inn skip-it gj??f-in Acc. fisk-inn skip-it gj??f-ina Dat. fiski-num skipi-nu gj??f-inni Gen. fisks-ins skips-ins gjafar-innar
Pl. Nom. fiskar-nir skip-in gjafar-nar Acc. fiska-na skip-in gjafar-nar Dat.