An Icelandic Primer | Page 5

is contracted: gen. fj?r, dat. f?��.
SINGULAR PLURAL
Nom. kv?|?��i (poem) kv?|?��i Acc. kv?|?��i kv?|?��i Dat. kv?|?��i kv?|?��um Gen. kv?|?��i-s kv?|?��a
60. So also kl?|?��i (cloth). Those in k insert j before a and u: m??rki (mark), m??rkjum, m??rkja. So also r??ki (sovereignty).
Strong Feminines
(1) ar-plurals
SINGULAR PLURAL
Nom. gj??f (gift) gjaf-ar Acc. gj??f gjaf-ar Dat. gj??f gj??f-um Gen. gjaf-ar gjaf-a
61. So also m??n (mane), gj??r?�� (girdle), ?r (oar).
62. ? (river) contracts: ?, ?, ?, ?r; ?r, ?r, ?m, ?.
63. Many take -u in the dat. sg.: k??rling (old woman), k??rling, k??rlingu, k??rlingar; k??rlingar, k??rlingar, k??rlingum, k??rlinga. So also laug (bath).
64. Those with a mutated root-vowel (or i) insert j in inflection: ey (island), ey, eyju, eyjar; eyjar, eyjar, eyjum, eyja. So also Frigg, H??l. m?|r (maid), mey, meyju, meyjar; meyjar, meyjar, meyjum, meyja.
65.
SINGULAR PLURAL
Nom. hei?��-r (heath) hei?��-ar Acc. hei?��-i hei?��-ar Dat. hei?��-i hei?��-um Gen. hei?��-ar hei?��-a
(2) ir-plurals
SINGULAR PLURAL
Nom. t???�� t???��-ir Acc. t???�� t???��-ir Dat. t???�� t???��-um Gen. t???��-ar t???��-a
66. So also sorg (sorrow), skipun (arrangement), h??fn (harbour) pl. hafnir, and the majority of strong feminines.
67. Many have -u in the dat. sg.: s?l (sun), s?l, s?lu, s?lar; s?lir, s?lir, s?lum, s?la. So also j??r?�� (earth), stund (period of time).
68. One noun has r in the nom. sg., following hei?��r in the sg.: br???��r (bride), br???��i, br???��i, br???��ar; br???��ir, br???��ir, br???��um, br???��a.
(3) r-plurals
SINGULAR PLURAL
Nom. b?k (book) b?��k-r Acc. b?k b?��k-r Dat. b?k b?k-um Gen. b?k-ar b?k-a
69. So also n?tt (night) pl. n?|tr, b?t (compensation) pl. b?��tr, t??nn (tooth) gen. tannar pl. t??nnr.
70. h??nd (hand) pl. h??ndr has dat. sg. h??ndi.
71. k��3r (cow) has acc. k??, pl. k��3r.
72. br??n (eyebrow) assimilates the r of the pl.: br��3nn.
SINGULAR PLURAL
Nom. m??��ir (mother) m?��?��r Acc. m??��ur m?��?��r Dat. m??��ur m?��?��rum Gen. m??��ur m?��?��ra
73. So also d?ttir (daughter) pl. d?��tr; systir (sister) pl. systr.
Weak Masculines
SINGULAR PLURAL
Nom. bog-i (bow) bog-ar Acc. bog-a bog-a Dat. bog-a bog-um Gen. bog-a bog-a
74. So also m?ni (moon), f?��lagi (companion).
75. h??f?��ingi (chief) and some others insert j in inflection: h??f?��ingja, h??f?��ingjar, h??f?��ingjum.
76. l?�� (scythe) is contracted; its gen. sg. is lj?.
77. oxi (ox) has pl. ??xn.
78. herra (lord) is indeclinable in the sg.
Weak Neuters
SINGULAR PLURAL
Nom. hjart-a (heart) hj??rt-u Acc. hjart-a hj??rt-u Dat. hjart-a hj??rt-um Gen. hjart-a hjart-na
79. So also auga (eye).
Weak Feminines
SINGULAR PLURAL
Nom. tung-a (tongue) tung-ur Acc. tung-u tung-ur Dat. tung-u tung-um Gen. tung-u tung-na
80. So also stjarna (star) pl. stj??rnur, kirkja (church), gen. plurals stjarna, kirkna.
Sg. Nom. ??lli (old age) Acc. ??lli Dat. ??lli Gen. ??lli
81. So also gl???��i (joy) and many abstract nouns.
82. lygi (falsehood) has pl. lygar; so also g??��?rsimi (precious thing).
Adjectives
83. Adjectives have three genders, and the same cases as nouns, though with partly different endings, together with strong and weak forms.
Strong Adjectives
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Sg. Nom. ung-r (young) ung-t ung Acc. ung-an ung-t ung-a Dat. ung-um ung-u ung-ri Gen. ung-s ung-s ung-rar
Pl. Nom. ung-ir ung ung-ar Acc. ung-a ung ung-ar Dat. ung-um ung-um ung-um Gen. ung-ra ung-ra ung-ra
84. So also fagr (fair), fem. f??gr, neut. fagrt.
85. Some insert j before a and u: n��3r (new), n��3jum, n��3jan.
86. Some insert v before a vowel: h?r (high), h?van, d??kkr (dark), d??kkvir, kykr (alive), kykvir.
87. The t of the neut. is doubled after a long vowel: n��3tt, h?tt. Monosyllables in ?��, dd, tt form their neut. in -tt: brei?��r (broad), breitt; leiddr (led), leitt. g??��r (good) has neut. gott. sannr (true) has neut. satt. In unaccented syllables or if a cons. precedes, tt is shortened to t: kalla?��r (called), kallat; blindr (blind), blint, har?��r (hard), hart, fastr (firm), fast.
88. l and n assimilate a following r: gamall (old), fem. g??mul, fem. acc. gamla, dat. gamalli. v?��nn (beautiful), gen. pl. v?|nna.
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Sg. Nom. mikill (great) mikit mikil Acc. mikinn mikit mikla Dat. miklum miklu mikilli Gen. mikils mikils mikillar
Pl. Nom. miklir mikil miklar Acc. mikla mikil miklar Dat. miklum miklum miklum Gen. mikilla mikilla mikilla
89. So also l??till (little).
90. Dissyllables in -inn have -it in the neut., and -inn in the masc. sg. acc.: t??ginn (distinguished), t??git, t??ginn, pl. t??gn??r. So also kominn (come).
91.
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Sg. Nom. annarr (other) annat ??nnur Acc. annan annat a?��ra Dat. ???��rum ???��ru annarri Gen. annars annars annarrar
Pl. Nom. a?��rir ??nnur a?��rar Acc. a?��ra ??nnur a?��rar Dat. ???��rum ???��rum ???��rum Gen. annarra annarra annarra
Weak Adjectives
MASC. NEUT. FEM.
Sg. Nom. ung-i ung-a ung-a Acc. ung-a ung-a ung-u Dat. ung-a ung-a ung-u Gen. ung-a ung-a ung-u
Pl. Nom. ung-u ung-u ung-u Acc. ung-u ung-u ung-u Dat. ung-u ung-u ung-u Gen. ung-u ung-u ung-u
92. So also fagri, h?vi, mikli, etc.
Sg. Nom. yngri (younger) yngra yngri Acc. yngra yngra yngri Dat. yngra yngra yngri Gen. yngra yngra yngri
Pl. Nom. yngri yngri yngri Acc. yngri yngri yngri Dat. yngrum yngrum yngrum Gen. yngri yngri yngri
93. So also all comparatives, such as meiri (greater), and pres. partic. when used as adjectives, such as gefandi (giving), dat. pl. gef??ndum.
Comparison
94. (1) with -ari, -astr: r??kr (powerful), r??kari, r??kastr; g??fugr (distinguished), g??fgari,