Woodwork Joints | Page 6

pieces are shown separately, the moulding being
omitted to give a clearer representation of the method of construction.
[Illustration: Fig. 55.--Cross Halving Joint with Housed Corners.]
[Illustration: Fig. 56.--The parts of Fig. 55 shown separate.]
Fig. 51 is an "Oblique Cross Halving Joint" where the two pieces are
not at right angles. A plan and elevation of the joint are shown at the
left, whilst a sketch of one piece of the joint is given in the right-hand
illustration.
Figs. 52 and 53 are principally used as Manual Training models, and
call for patience and manual dexterity.
Fig. 54 is used in carpentry and joinery where a tie or cross piece ties
joists or beams at an angle.
Fig. 55 shows the elevation and end view of a "Cross Halving Joint"
with housed or notched shoulders. This joint is seldom used in actual
practice. The separate parts are given in Fig. 56.
At Fig. 57 are shown two cross rails and an upright halved together.
This type of joint is used where three pieces meet, as is the case in
building the framing of a poultry house. The joint is nailed together.
[Illustration: Fig. 57.--Cross Rail and Upright Halved Joint.]

[Illustration: Fig. 58.--Workshop Trestle Joint.]
[Illustration: Fig. 59.--Cellarette Partition Joints.]
Fig. 58 is the end view of an ordinary workshop trestle, showing the
application of dovetailed halving where the legs have a tendency to
strain outwards. The inset sketch of joint shows the housing of the top
rail to receive the legs.
Fig. 59 shows a deep drawer, generally known as a cellarette, and used
in a sideboard to accommodate wine bottles. Here we have a good
example of halving the cross pieces so as to form compartments. The
part shown separately illustrates the method of construction. The ends
of these pieces engage the housings or grooves of the drawer sides.
Pigeon holes or compartments in stationery cases, bookcases and
writing bureaux are constructed in a similar manner, although the
method of housing, or combined halving and housing, is to be preferred
in some cases.
[Illustration: Fig. 60.--Joint used for Table with Circular Top or Rim.]
At Fig. 60 is the plan of a circular table having a small circular shelf
with the top removed. The rims or framing are built by the method
known as laminating (see Fig. 23 in chapter on the The Glued Joint),
after which they are veneered on the face sides. The application of the
halving joint to the shaped bottom rails, which in this case carry and
support the small shelf, is shown in the part elevation.
[Illustration: Fig. 61 (A).--Oxford Frame with Halved Joints. (Four
alternative corner treatments are given.)]
[Illustration: Fig. 61 (B).--Halved Joint of Oxford Frame with front
edges champered.]
[Illustration: Fig. 61 (C).--Back view of Oxford Frame.]
Fig. 61 (A) shows the well-known "Oxford frame," illustrating halved
joints when the edge is rebated. Figs. 61 (B) and 61 (C) make clear the

construction of this type of joint. Alternative suggestions are shown for
the treatment of the corners, the simple inlay being black and white
(ebony and holly or boxwood). Frames of this type are made in various
widths and sizes and are used for pictures, mirrors, etc.
[Illustration: Fig. 62.--The Two Pieces of a Halved Joint.]
The tools used for making joints of the above class are: planes, the
gauge, tenon or other saw, chisels, try square, and in some cases a
joiner's bevel to obtain and mark the necessary angles, pencil and
marking knife.
Plane up the face side and face edge of the timber, gauge and plane to
both thickness and width; mark shoulders with pencil or marking knife;
gauge to the thickness of the required halving; saw waste portions away;
pare up with chisel to a good fit; glue or glue and screw, or use paint as
previously mentioned, and then level off the surfaces.
SETTING OUT THE HALVED JOINT.--Although at first sight the
halved joint may appear to be a very easy item of construction, it
requires much care and attention in marking out and sawing. Fig. 62
shows the two pieces which form the joint separated, and it will be
noticed that each piece of wood has half its thickness cut away, so as to
accommodate the other piece. This type of joint is used where two
pieces of wood cross each other at right angles, or at an angle as shown
in Fig. 51. The halving joint is used also for joining two pieces of wood
at their ends, as, for instance, the corner of a frame, one half of this
joint being shown at Fig. 65 (B).
[Illustration: Fig. 63.--How the Timber is Marked.]
[Illustration: Fig. 64.--Marking the Joint with Try Square.]
To make the joint, the timber should be carefully planed to its