Vegetable Teratology | Page 2

376--Androecium, 379--Androecium of Orchids, 380--Pleiotaxy of gynoecium, 388--Increased number of flowers in an inflorescence, 391.
PART II.--DIMINISHED NUMBER OF ORGANS 392
CHAPTER I.
SUPPRESSION OF AXILE ORGANS 393
Acaulosia, 393--Non-development of peduncle, 393--Nature of calyx-tube (Casimir de Candolle), 394--Suppression of columella, 395.
CHAPTER II.
SUPPRESSION OF FOLIAR ORGANS 395
Aphylly, 395--Meiophylly, 396--Of calyx or perianth, 396--Of corolla, 397--Of androecium, 398--Of gynoecium, 399--Of flower, 400--Meiotaxy, 403--Of calyx, 403--Of corolla, 403--Of androecium, 405--Of gynoecium, 406--Of ovules or seeds, 407--Of flower, 408--General remarks on suppression, 409.
BOOK IV.
DEVIATIONS FROM ORDINARY SIZE AND CONSISTENCE 413
PART I--HYPERTROPHY 416
CHAPTER I.
ENLARGEMENT 417
Of axile organs, 418--Knaurs, 419--Enlargement of buds, 420--Of flower-stalk, 421--In pears, 423--Of placenta, 424--Of leaves, 426--Development of parts usually abortive, 427--Enlargement of perianth, 428--Of androecium, 430--Of gynoecium, 430--Of fruit, 431--Alterations of consistence, 432.
CHAPTER II.
ELONGATION 488
Elongation of root, 434--Of inflorescence, 434--Of flower-stalks, 435--Of leaves, 437--Of parts of flower, 438--Of thalamus and placenta, 440--Apostasis, 440.
CHAPTER III.
ENATION 443
Excrescences from axile organs, warts, 444--Enation from leaves, 445--From sepals, 448--From petals, 448--Catacorolla, 451--Enation from stamens, 453--From carpels, 453.
PART II.--ATROPHY 454
CHAPTER I.
ABORTION 455
Abortion of axile organs, 455--Of receptacle, 457--Of leaves, 458--Of perianth, calyx, and corolla, 460--Of stamens, 463--Of pollen, 463--Of pistil, fruit, &c., 464--Of ovules, 466--Depauperated ferns, 466--General remarks, 467.
CHAPTER II.
DEGENERATION 470
Formation of scales, 470--Of hairs, 472--Of glands, 473--Of tendrils, 473.
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.
General morphology of the leaf and axis, 476.--Homology, 476--Special morphology, 479--Calyx-tube, 480--Androecium, 482--Inferior ovary, 482--Placentation, 483--Structure of the ovule, 484--Leaves of Conifers, 484--Relative position of organs, 484--Law of alternation, 485--Co-relation, 486--Compensation, 488--Teratology and classification, 488.
APPENDIX.
Double flowers, varieties of, 491--Causes of production, 491--Relation to variegated foliage, 497--List of plants producing, 499.
NOTE 508
INDEX TO SUBJECTS 511
INDEX OF NAMES OF PLANTS 517

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
FIG. PAGE
1. Diagram of regular pentamerous flower 4 2. Cohesion of branch Dipsacus sylvestris 10 3. Fasciated lettuce ('Gard. Chron.') 11 4. Fasciation in Asparagus 12 5. Fasciation in Pinus Pinaster 13 6. Fasciation and spiral torsion in Asparagus ('Gard. Chron.') 14 7. Fasciation in scape of dandelion 16 8. Pitcher on leaf of Pelargonium 22 9. Transition from flat to tubular segments of the perianth in Eranthis 24 10. Pitcher of Crassula arborescens (C. Morren) 26 11. Gamopetalous corolla, Papaver bracteatum 28 12. Adhesion of petaloid stamen to segment of perianth, Crocus 35 13. Adhesion of petal, stamen and carpel, Cheiranthus Cheiri 36 14. Synanthy. Campanula Medium ('Gard. Chron.') 37 15, 16. Synanthic flowers of Calanthe vestita 39 17. Synanthy in Digitalis purpurea ('Gard. Chron.') 40 18. Synanthy in Calceolaria 41 19, 20. Syncarpic apples 47 21. Adhesion of two stems of oak ('Gard. Chron.') 51 22. Adhesion of branches of elm ('Gard. Chron.') 52 23. Adhesion of two roots of carrot, one white, the other red ('Gard. Chron.') 53 24. Section through inverted and adherent mushrooms 54 25. Bifurcated male catkin, Cedrus Libani 61 26. Bifurcated leaf, Lamium album 62 27. Bifurcated leaf, Pelargonium 63 28. Bifurcated frond, Scolopendrium 64 29. Three-lobed lip of Oncidium 68 30. Dialysis of corolla in Correa 71 31. Dialysis of corolla in Campanula (De Candolle) 72 32. Anomalous form of orange 74 33, 34. Disjoined carpels of orange (Maout) 75 35. Proliferous rose (Bell Salter) 78 36, 37. Apple flower, with detached calyx, &c. 79 38. Flower of OEnanthe crocata, with detached calyx, &c. 80 39. Anomalous bulbs of tulip 85 40. Displaced leaf of Gesnera (C. Morren) 88 41. Leaves of Pinus pinea 89 42. Deranged leaves of yew 90 43. Cohesion of sepals and displacement of parts of Oncidium cucullatum 92 44. Malformed flower of Cypripedium 93 45. Diagram of the same 93 46. Diagram of natural structure in Cypripedium 93 47. Diagram of malformed flower of Lycaste Skinneri 93 48. Diagram of malformed flower of Dendrobium nobile 94 49. Natural arrangement in same flower 94 50. Diagram of malformed violet 94 51. Monstrous flower of Cerastium ('Gard. Chron.') 97 52. Inflorescence of Polyanthus, with tufts of leaves at the summit 105 53. Lateral prolification in inflorescence of Pelargonium 108 54. Paniculate inflorescence of Plantago major 109 55. Branched spike and leafy bracts of the same 110 56. Inflorescence of Plantago lanceolata, with leaves and secondary flower-stalks at its summit 111 57. Branched inflorescence of Reseda Luteola 112 58. Thalamus of strawberry prolonged into a leafy branch ('American Agriculturist') 116 59. Flower of Verbascum, with dialysis of calyx and corolla and prolonged thalamus 116 60. Median floral prolification of Dianthus 120 61. Leafy carpels and prolification of Daucus Carota 123 62. Median floral prolification of Delphinium 126 63. Median prolification, &c., of Orchis pyramidalis 128 64. Proliferous rose (Bell Salter) 130 65. Axillary floral prolification of Nymph?a Lotus ('Gard. Chron.') 144 66. Axillary floral prolification of Dianthus 146 67. Proliferous rose 151 68. Proliferous rose ('Gard. Chron.') 152 69. Diagram of prolified orchid 153 70. Diagram of prolified orchis 154 71. Adventitious roots from petiole of celery 158 72. Germinating plant of mango 159 73, 74. Adventitious roots from