Mass.; Mrs.?Henry Draper, of New York; Mrs.?Robert W. Chapin, of Lenox; the late Mr.?E. L. Godkin; Professor Alexander Agassiz; Professor F. W. Putnam, Curator of the American Museum of Natural History in New York; Dr.?S. Weir Mitchell, of Philadelphia; Professor Franz Boas, Curator of the American Museum of Natural History in New York; Dr.?B. L. Robinson and Dr.?M. L. Fernald, of Harvard University; Professor J. A. Allen and Mr.?L. P. Gratacap, Curators of the American Museum of Natural History.
I am under obligation to Mr.?Marshall H. Saville, Curator of the American Museum of Natural History, especially for the placing of the names of the ruins of Southern Mexico on one of the maps; to Miss Alice Fletcher, of Washington, D. C., and Mr.?Edwin S. Tracy for transcribing from the graphophone three of the songs rendered in this book, and to Mrs.?George S. Bixby for aid in transcribing the native music. Finally I desire to express my appreciation of the untiring services of my private secretary, Mrs.?H. E. Hepner.
The upper illustration on page 65 is a reproduction of a photograph kindly furnished me by Mr.?Frank H. Chapman, and the illustration in Vol.?I., pages 145-146, is made from a photograph acquired through the late Dr.?P. Lamborn. The illustration in Vol.?II., pages 464-465, I owe to the courtesy of Mr.?D. Gabriel Casta?os, of Guadalajara.
The coloured illustrations are represented as the objects appear when the colours have been brought out by the application of water.
The maps do not lay claim to an accuracy which, under the circumstances, it was impossible to obtain, but they will, I hope, be found to be an improvement on the existing ones.
Dr.?Ales Hrdlicka, who has just returned from the Hyde expedition, informs me that in visiting the western part of Sonora he found pure Opata spoken west of Rio de Sonora and north of Ures, _e.g_., in Tuape.
Wherever dollars and cents are given Mexican currency is meant.
In the Indian Songs II., 10 and 18, I have made an attempt at rendering the native words in English in such a form that the translations could be sung, without, however, deviating from the original.
In the native words "x" should be given the sound of the Greek chi.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
Preparations for the Start--Our Dry Goods Relished by the Cattle--I Become a "Compadre"--Beautiful Northern Sonora--Mexican Muleteers Preferable in Their Own Country--Apache Stories--Signs of Ancient Inhabitants--Arrival at Upper Yaqui River--Opata Indians now Mexicanised--A Flourishing Medical Practice--Mexican Manners--Rock-carvings--How Certain Cacti Propagate, Pages 1-16
CHAPTER II
A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River, Pages 17-40
CHAPTER III
Camping at Upper Bavispe River--Low Stone Cabins, Fortresses, and Other Remains Indicating Former Habitation--The Animals Starve on the Winter Grass of the Sierra and Begin to Give Out--A Deserted Apache Camp--comfort at Last--The Giant Woodpecker--We Arrive at the Mormon Settlements of Pacheco and Cave Valley, Pages 41-59
CHAPTER IV
A Splendid Field Prepared for Us by the Ancient Agriculturists of Cave Valley--House Groups in Caves Along a Pretty Stream--Well-preserved Mummies Found in Caves--More Trincheras--Our Excavations in Caves and Mounds Confirm to the Mormons their Sacred Stories--We Move to the Plains of San Diego--Visit to Casas Grandes and the Watch-tower--Successful Excavations of the Mounds near San Diego, Pages 60-98
CHAPTER V
Second Expedition--Return to the Sierra--Parrots in the Snow--Cave-dwellings at Garabato, the most Beautiful in Northern Mexico--A Superb View of the Sierra Madre--The Devil's Spine Ridge--Guaynopa, the Famous Old Silver Mine--Aros River--On Old Trails--Adventures of "El Chino"--Cure for Poison Ivy, Pages 99-117
CHAPTER VI
Fossils, and One Way of Utilising Them--Temosachic--The First Tarahumares--Ploughs with Wooden Shares--Visit to the Southern Pimas--Aboriginal Hat Factories--Pinos Altos--The Waterfall near Jesus Maria--An Adventure with Ladrones, Pages 118-135
CHAPTER VII
The Uncontaminated Tarahumares--A Tarahumare Court in Session--The Power of the Staff--Justice has its Course--Barrancas--Excursion to the Gentiles--Tarahumare Costumes Simple and Inexpensive--Trincheras in Use Among the Tarahumares, Pages 136-155
CHAPTER VIII
The Houses of the Tarahumares--American Cave-dwellings of To-day--Frequent Changes of Abode by the Tarahumare--The Patio or Dancing Place--The Original Cross of America--Tarahumare Storehouses, Pages 156-178
CHAPTER IX
Arrival at Batopilas--Ascent from Batopilas to the Highlands of the Sierra--A Tarahumare who had been in Chicago--An Old-timer--Flight of Our Native Guide and its Disastrous Consequences--Indians Burn the Grass All Over the Country--Travelling Becomes too Difficult for the Animals--Mr.?Taylor and I Go to Zapuri--Its Surroundings--The Pithaya in Season, Pages 179-189
CHAPTER X
Nice-looking Natives--Albinos--Ancient Remains in Ohuivo--Local Traditions, the Cocoyomes, etc.--Guachochic--Don Miguel and "The Postmaster"--A Variety of Curious Cures--Gauchochic Becomes My Head-quarters--The Difficulty of Getting an Honest Interpreter--False Truffles--The Country Suffering from a Prolonged Drought--A Start in a Northwesterly Direction--Arrival at the Pueblo of Norogachic, Pages 190-202
CHAPTER XI
A Priest and His Family Make the Wilderness Comfortable for Us--Ancient Remains Similar to those Seen in Sonora--The Climate of the Sierra--Flora and Fauna--Tarahumare Agriculture--Ceremonies Connected with the Planting of Corn--Deterioration of Domestic Animals--Native Dogs of Mexico,
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