The Philippine Islands | Page 3

in Leyte Island, Surigao (Mindanao Is.), and S��mar Island. 102 Rebellion of "King" M��long and "Count" Gumapos. 103 Rebellion of Andr��s Novales. Execution of A. Novales and Ruiz. 104 Apolinario de la Cruz declares himself "King of the Tag��logs." 105 General Marcelo Azc��rraga, Spanish War Minister, Philippine born. 105 The Cavite Conspiracy of 1872. The Secret Society of Reformers. 106 The Philippine Martyrs, Dr. B��rgos and Fathers Zamora and Gomez. 107 Illustrious exiles--Dr. Antonio M. Regidor and Jos�� M. Basa. 108

Chapter VIII
The Chinese
The China-Manila trade in the days of Legaspi. 109 The Alcayceria. The Parian. Chinese banished. Restrictions. 110 The Chinese as immigrants; their comparative activity. 112 Chinese mandarins come to seek the "Mount of Gold" in Cavite. 114 The Chinese are goaded to revolt. Saint Francis' victory over them. 115 Massacre of Foreigners. The Chinese Traders; their Guilds. 116 Chinese patron saint; population. The Sangley. The Macao. 118 Restrictions on Chinese immigration. Their gradual exclusion. 119

Chapter IX
Wild Tribes and Pagans
The Aetas or Negritos or Balugas. 120 The Gaddanes. The Itavis. The Igorrotes. The Ibanacs. 122 Attempt to subdue the Igorrotes. Its failure. 124 The Calingas. The Igorrote-Chinese. The Tinguianes. 125 The Basanes. The Manguianes. The Hindoos. Albinos. 128

Chapter X
Mahometans and Southern Tribes
Early history of the Mahometans, called Moros. 129 The First Expedition against the Mindanao Moros. 130 Gov.-General Corcuera effects a landing in Sulu Island. 131 The scourge of Moro Piracy. Devastation of the coasts. Captives. 132 Zamboanga Fort; cost of its maintenance. Fighting Friars. 133 Vicissitudes of Sultan Mahamad Alimudin. 134 The Sultan appeals to his suzerain's delegate and is made prisoner. 134 His letter to Sultan Muhamad Amirubdin. 135 The charges against the Sultan. Extermination of Meros decreed. 136 Mindanao and Sulu Moros join forces. Extermination impossible. 137 The Treaty with Sultan Mahamad Alimudin. 138 The Claveria and Urbiztondo expeditions against Moros. 139 Gov.-General Malcampo finally annexes Jol�� (1876). 140 Spain appoints Harun Narrasid Sultan of Sulu (1885). 141 The ceremony of investiture. Opposition to the nominee. 142 Datto Utto defies the Spaniards. Terrero's expedition (Jan., 1887). 143 Colonel Arolas' victory at Maybun (Sulu Is.) (April, 1887). 144 The Marahui Campaign (1895). The Moro tribes. 145 The Juramentado. Moro dress; character; arts; weapons. 146 Moro customs. The Pandita. The Datto. 148 Jol�� (Sulu) town. H.H. the Sultan of Sulu. 149 A juramentado runs amok. Across Sulu Island to Maybun. 152 The Sultan's official reception. Subu��nos of Zamboanga. 154 Climate in the South. Pala��an Island. Spanish settlers. 157 Across Pala��an Island. The Tugban��as tribe. 158 Their dress, customs, and country. 159 Efforts to colonize Pal��uan Island. The Moro problem. 160

Chapter XI
Domesticated Natives--Origin--Character
Theory concerning the first inhabitants of these Islands. 163 Their advent before the Spanish Conquest. 165 Japanese and Chinese early immigrants. 166 Native character; idiosyncracies and characteristics. 167 Notion of sleep. "Castila!". 169 Tag��log and Visayo hospitality. The native's good qualities. 172 Native aversion to discipline; bravery; resignation; geniality. 175 Mixed races. Native physiognomy; marriages; minors' rights. 176 Family names. The Catap��san. 179 Dancing; the Balitao; the Comitan. The Asuan. 180 Mixed marriages. The Half-caste (Mestizo). 181 The Shrines and Saints. The Holy Child of Ceb��. St. Francis of Tears. 183 Our Lady of Cagsaysay. The Virgin of Antipolo. 184 Miraculous Saints. Santones. Native Conception of Religion. 187 Musical talent. Slavery. Education in Spanish times. 190 The Intellectuals. The Illiterates. State aid for Schools. 192 The Athen?um. Girls' Colleges. St. Thomas' University. 194 The Nautical School. The provincial student. Talented natives. 195 Diseases. Leprosy. Insanity. Death-rate. Sanitation. 197

Chapter XII
The Religious Orders
Their early co-operation a necessity. 199 Their power and influence. 200 Opinions for and against that power. 201 The Spanish parish priest. Father Piernavieja. 202 Virtueless friars. Monastic persecution. 204 The Hierarchy. The Orders. Church revenues and State aid. 206 Rivalry of Religious Orders. Papal intervention to ensure peace. 209

Chapter XIII
Spanish Insular Government
The Encomiendas. The Trading-Governors. 211 The Judge-Governors (Alc��lde M��yor). The Reforms of 1886. 213 Cost of Spanish Insular Government. The Provincial Civil Governor's duties. 214 The position of Provincial Civil Governor. Local Funds. Provincial poverty. 216 Highways and Public Works. Cause of national decay. 218 Fortunes made easily. Peculations. Town Local Government. 220 The Gobernadorcillo (petty-governor). The Cabeza de Barangay (Tax-collector). 222 The Cuadrillero (guard). The Fallas (tax). The C��dula personal. 224 The Tribunal (town hall). Reforms affecting travellers. 225

Chapter XIV
Spanish-Philippine Finances
Philippine budgets. Curious items of revenue and expenditure. 227 Spanish-Philippine army, police, and constabulary statistics. 230 The armed forces in the olden times. 232 Spanish-Philippine navy and judicial statistics. 233 Prison statistics. Brigandage. The brigands' superstition. 235 A chase for brigands. The anting-anting. Pirates. 237 The notorious Tancad. Dilatory justice. A cause c��l��bre. 239 Spanish-Philippine Criminal Law procedure. 241

Chapter XV
Trade of the Islands from Early Times
Its early history. Its State galleons. 243 The Consulado merchants. The Mexican subsidy. 244 In the days of the