The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 | Page 4

BETWEEN A SMALL SPIDER (to
the left) AND AN ANT (to the right) 146
THE WASP BEETLE, WHICH, WHEN MOVING AMONGST THE
BRANCHES, GIVES A WASP-LIKE IMPRESSION 147 Photo: J. J.
Ward, F.E.S.
HERMIT-CRAB WITH PARTNER SEA-ANEMONES 147
CUCKOO-SPIT 147 Photo: G. P. Duffus.
CHIMPANZEE, SITTING 156 Photo: New York Zoological Park.
CHIMPANZEE, ILLUSTRATING WALKING POWERS 156 Photo:
New York Zoological Park.
SURFACE VIEW OF THE BRAINS OF MAN AND CHIMPANZEE
157
SIDE-VIEW OF CHIMPANZEE'S HEAD 157 Photo: New York
Zoological Park.
PROFILE VIEW OF HEAD OF PITHECANTHROPUS, THE JAVA
APE-MAN, RECONSTRUCTED FROM THE SKULL-CAP 157 After

a model by J. H. McGregor.
THE FLIPPER OF A WHALE AND THE HAND OF A MAN 157
THE GORILLA, INHABITING THE FOREST TRACT OF THE
GABOON IN AFRICA (Coloured Illustration) 158
"DARWIN'S POINT" ON HUMAN EAR 160
PROFESSOR SIR ARTHUR KEITH, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. 161 Photo:
J. Russell & Sons.
SKELETONS OF THE GIBBON, ORANG, CHIMPANZEE,
GORILLA, MAN 161 After T. H. Huxley (by permission of Messrs.
Macmillan).
SIDE-VIEW OF SKULL OF MAN AND GORILLA 164
THE SKULL AND BRAIN-CASE OF PITHECANTHROPUS, THE
JAVA APE-MAN, AS RESTORED BY J. H. MCGREGOR FROM
THE SCANTY REMAINS 164
SUGGESTED GENEALOGICAL TREE OF MAN AND
ANTHROPOID APES 165
THE GIBBON IS LOWER THAN THE OTHER APES AS
REGARDS ITS SKULL AND DENTITION, BUT IT IS HIGHLY
SPECIALIZED IN THE ADAPTATION OF ITS LIMBS TO
ARBOREAL LIFE 166 Photo: New York Zoological Park.
THE ORANG HAS A HIGH ROUNDED SKULL AND A LONG
FACE 166 Photo: New York Zoological Park.
COMPARISONS OF THE SKELETONS OF HORSE AND MAN 167
Photo: British Museum (Natural History).
A RECONSTRUCTION OF THE JAVA MAN (Coloured Illustration)
168

PROFILE VIEW OF THE HEAD OF PITHECANTHROPUS, THE
JAVA APE-MAN--AN EARLY OFFSHOOT FROM THE MAIN
LINE OF MAN'S ASCENT 170 After a model by J. H. McGregor.
PILTDOWN SKULL 170 From the reconstruction by J. H. McGregor.
SAND-PIT AT MAUER, NEAR HEIDELBERG: DISCOVERY SITE
OF THE JAW OF HEIDELBERG MAN 171 Reproduced by
permission from Osborn's Men of the Old Stone Age.
PAINTINGS ON THE ROOF OF THE ALTAMIRA CAVE IN
NORTHERN SPAIN, SHOWING A BISON AND A GALLOPING
BOAR (Coloured Illustration) 172
PILTDOWN MAN, PRECEDING NEANDERTHAL MAN,
PERHAPS 100,000 TO 150,000 YEARS AGO 174 After the
restoration modelled by J. H. McGregor.
THE NEANDERTHAL MAN OF LA CHAPELLE-AUX-SAINTS 175
After the restoration modelled by J. H. McGregor.
RESTORATION BY A. FORESTIER OF THE RHODESIAN MAN
WHOSE SKULL WAS DISCOVERED IN 1921 176-177
SIDE VIEW OF A PREHISTORIC HUMAN SKULL DISCOVERED
IN 1921 IN BROKEN HILL CAVE, NORTHERN RHODESIA 178
Photo: British Museum (Natural History).
A CROMAGNON MAN OR CROMAGNARD, REPRESENTATIVE
OF A STRONG ARTISTIC RACE LIVING IN THE SOUTH OF
FRANCE IN THE UPPER PLEISTOCENE, PERHAPS 25,000
YEARS AGO 178 After the restoration modelled by J. H. McGregor.
PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING A NARROW PASSAGE IN THE
CAVERN OF FONT-DE-GAUME ON THE BEUNE 179 Reproduced
by permission from Osborn's Men of the Old Stone Age.
A MAMMOTH DRAWN ON THE WALL OF THE

FONT-DE-GAUME CAVERN 179
A GRAZING BISON, DELICATELY AND CAREFULLY DRAWN,
ENGRAVED ON A WALL OF THE ALTAMIRA CAVE,
NORTHERN SPAIN 179
PHOTOGRAPH OF A MEDIAN SECTION THROUGH THE SHELL
OF THE PEARLY NAUTILUS 186
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE ENTIRE SHELL OF THE PEARLY
NAUTILUS 186
NAUTILUS 186
SHOEBILL 187 Photo: W. S. Berridge.
THE WALKING-FISH OR MUD-SKIPPER (Periophthalmus),
COMMON AT THE MOUTHS OF RIVERS IN TROPICAL AFRICA,
ASIA, AND NORTH-WEST AUSTRALIA 190
THE AUSTRALIAN MORE-PORK OR PODARGUS 190 Photo: The
Times.
PELICAN'S BILL, ADAPTED FOR CATCHING AND STORING
FISHES 191
SPOONBILL'S BILL, ADAPTED FOR SIFTING THE MUD AND
CATCHING THE SMALL ANIMALS, E.G. FISHES,
CRUSTACEANS, INSECT LARVÆ, WHICH LIVE THERE 191
AVOCET'S BILL, ADAPTED FOR A CURIOUS SIDEWAYS
SCOOPING IN THE SHORE-POOLS AND CATCHING SMALL
ANIMALS 191
HORNBILL'S BILL, ADAPTED FOR EXCAVATING A NEST IN A
TREE, AND ALSO FOR SEIZING AND BREAKING DIVERSE
FORMS OF FOOD, FROM MAMMALS TO TORTOISES, FROM
ROOTS TO FRUITS 191

FALCON'S BILL, ADAPTED FOR SEIZING, KILLING, AND
TEARING SMALL MAMMALS AND BIRDS 191
PUFFIN'S BILL, ADAPTED FOR CATCHING SMALL FISHES
NEAR THE SURFACE OF THE SEA, AND FOR HOLDING THEM
WHEN CAUGHT AND CARRYING THEM TO THE NEST 191
LIFE-HISTORY OF A FROG 192
HIND-LEG OF WHIRLIGIG BEETLE WHICH HAS BECOME
BEAUTIFULLY MODIFIED FOR AQUATIC LOCOMOTION 192
Photo: J. J. Ward, F.E.S.
THE BIG ROBBER-CRAB (Birgus Latro), THAT CLIMBS THE
COCONUT PALM AND BREAKS OFF THE NUTS 193
EARLY LIFE-HISTORY OF THE SALMON 196
THE SALMON LEAPING AT THE FALL IS A MOST
FASCINATING SPECTACLE 197
DIAGRAM OF THE LIFE-HISTORY OF THE COMMON EEL
(Anguilla Vulgaris) 200
CASSOWARY 201 Photo: Gambier Bolton.
THE KIWI, ANOTHER FLIGHTLESS BIRD, OF REMARKABLE
APPEARANCE, HABITS, AND STRUCTURE 201 Photo: Gambier
Bolton.
THE AUSTRALIAN FRILLED LIZARD, WHICH IS AT PRESENT
TRYING TO BECOME A BIPED 202
A CARPET OF GOSSAMER 202
THE WATER SPIDER 203