The Church and the Empire | Page 2

covers the period in
comfort."--_Expository Times._
"Usually such an 'outline' is a bald and bloodless summary, but Mr.
Bruce has written a narrative which is both readable and well-informed.
We have pleasure in commending his interesting and scholarly
work."--_Glasgow Herald._
THE REFORMATION. 1503-1648.
By the Rev. J. P. Whitney, B.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical History at
King's College, London. _5s. net._
"A book on the Reformation as a whole, not only in England, but in
Europe, has long been needed.... This present volume fills, therefore, a
real want, for in it the Reformation is treated as a whole.... The value of
the book is quite out of proportion to its size, and its importance will be
appreciated by all those whose duty or inclination calls to study the
Reformation."--Guardian.
"It is certainly a very full and excellent outline. There is scarcely a
point in this momentous time in regard to which the student, and,
indeed, the ordinary reader, will not find here very considerable help,
as well as suggestive hints for further study."--Church Union Gazette.
THE AGE OF REVOLUTION. 1648-1815.
By the Editor. _4s. 6d. net_.
"The period is a long one for so small a book, but Mr. Hutton has the
gift not of condensing, which is not required, but of selecting the
essential events and vividly characterizing them."--Expository Times.

"Mr. Hutton's past studies in Ecclesiastical History are sure to secure
him a welcome in this new venture. There is a breadth of treatment, an
accurate perspective, and a charitable spirit in all that he writes which
make him a worthy associate of Creighton and Stubbs in the great field
of history."--Aberdeen Journal.
THE CHURCH OF MODERN DAYS. 1815-1900.
By the Rev. Leighton Pullan, M.A. [_In preparation._]
London: Rivingtons

THE CHURCH AND THE EMPIRE
Being an outline of the history of the church from A.D. 1003 to A.D.
1304
By
D. J. Medley, M.A. Professor of History in the University of Glasgow

EDITORIAL NOTE
While there is a general agreement among the writers as to principles,
the greatest freedom as to treatment is allowed to writers in this series.
The volumes, for example, are not of the same length. Volume II,
which deals with the formative period of the Church, is, not unnaturally,
longer in proportion than the others. To Volume VI, which deals with
the Reformation, has been allotted a similar extension. The authors,
again, use their own discretion in such matters as footnotes and lists of
authorities. But the aim of the series, which each writer sets before him,
is to tell, clearly and accurately, the story of the Church, as a divine
institution with a continuous life.
W. H. Hutton

PREFACE
The late appearance of this volume of the series needs some
explanation. Portions of the book have been written at intervals; but it
is only the enforced idleness of a long convalescence after illness which

has given me the requisite leisure to finish it.
I have tried to avoid overloading my pages with details of political
history; but in no period is it so easy to miss the whole lesson of events
by an attempt to isolate the special influences which affected the
organised society of the Church. The interpretation which I have
adopted of the important events at Canossa is not, of course,
universally accepted; but the fact that it has seldom found expression in
any English work may serve as my excuse.
The Editor of the series, The Rev. W. H. Hutton, has laid me under a
deep obligation, first, by his long forbearance, and more lately, by his
frequent and careful suggestions over the whole book. It is dangerous
for laymen to meddle with questions of technical theology. I trust that,
guided by his expert hand, I have not fallen into any recognisable
heresy!
Mears Ashby, _October_, 1910.

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTORY
CHAPTER I
THE BEGINNINGS OF CHURCH REFORM
CHAPTER II
GREGORY VII AND LAY INVESTITURE
CHAPTER III
THE END OF THE QUARREL
CHAPTER IV
THE SECULAR CLERGY
CHAPTER V
CANONS AND MONKS
CHAPTER VI
ST. BERNARD
CHAPTER VII
THE SCHOOLMEN AND THEOLOGY
CHAPTER VIII
GUELF AND GHIBELLINE (I)

CHAPTER IX
INNOCENT III
CHAPTER X
THE PAPAL POWER IN THE CHURCH
CHAPTER XI
DOCTRINE AND DISCIPLINE OF THE CHURCH
CHAPTER XII
HERESIES
CHAPTER XIII
THE MENDICANT ORDERS
CHAPTER XIV
THE CHURCH AND THE HEATHEN
CHAPTER XV
GUELF AND GHIBELLINE (II)
CHAPTER XVI
THE FALL OF THE EMPIRE AND OF THE PAPACY
CHAPTER XVII
THE CHURCHES OF THE EAST

The Church and the Empire
Introductory
[Sidenote: Political thought in Middle Ages.]
The period of three centuries which forms our theme is the central
period of the Middle Ages. Its interests are manifold; but they almost
all centre round the great struggle between Empire and Papacy, which
gives to mediaeval history an unity conspicuously lacking