The Brain, A Decoded Enigma | Page 7

external reality. The ZAM will control
the AZMs to act on the external reality exactly as in the successful
simulation, with good chances of success. If by any simulation the
objective is impossible to reach, the brain will be blocked to do that
activity.
Example: if a person has to jump over an obstacle, that person will
know very fast if the jump is possible or not. The person knows this,
because a ZM makes a ZAM-model, which is associated to the external
reality (the person itself, the supporting surface and the obstacle, as
main elements). The ZAM then simulates the jump on the model. If the
simulated jump fails, the brain is blocked to do the action. If the jump
is done with success in the simulation, the ZAM will control the body
during the jump exactly as it was in the simulation, with good chance
of success.
No action on the external reality is possible without a successful
simulation of that action. The action will be as in the successful
simulation. Both in an immediate action and in an activity that has to be
done in the future, any brain follows this procedure.
We shall add some considerations about the speed of action on external
reality. So, when we walk on a plane surface, for each step there is at
least one simulation before the step is done. Due to a large number of
internal and external factors, any step is unique. Thus, if we walk on a
raw surface (a stony trail in the mountains, for instance) not only every
step in based on a simulation but even during the execution of a step, it
is possible to make a new simulation based on new data and so a step in

execution can be modified at all time to meet the goal as ZAM requires.
Thus, a very complicated activity as walking on a mountain trail, can
be done very easily and even elegantly, based on continuous
predictions and simulations associated with every step.
As it was already emphasized before, this procedure to simulate in
advance any activity on external reality is followed in all situations,
regardless if the activity is immediate or it has to be done in the future.
We have already described the two main hardware facilities of the brain
(human or animal). Here is a preliminary abstract of the main hardware
models of the brain:
M-models: these models are associated to sense organs. The brain tries
to make a preliminary model of the external reality. To do this, it uses a
number of YM concept models. The main activity is to find the entities
of the external reality and to associate to any entity a YM model. Then,
by simulation on the model, M-models try to integrate any YM model
in the structure in a harmonic way. That is, any simulation of
interaction between a YM and any other YM- model must confirm the
M-model, unaltered.
If, for instance, some predictions of an YM1 model in relation with an
YM2 model are not compatible with the prediction of the YM2 model
in relation with the YM1 model, then M has to change YM1 or YM2,
or some relations, or some other YMs, so that the M-model is stable.
M-models work in an automatic way, trying to be stable in interaction
with the associated section of the external reality.
YM-models: they are concept models associated with all the entities,
which have already been discovered by the brain by M-model activity.
When a new being is born, there are practically no YMs. They are
made by direct interaction with the external reality.
ZM-models: they are the main long-range models of the brain. They
generate knowledge and consciousness. Also they make YMs, ZAMs
and AZMs. They are able to take any information from any other model
of the brain. ZMs can replace a YM-model with another if something is
not OK after an advance prediction and simulation based on any
available data. They also control ZAM-models during their activity.
ZAM-models: they are artificial and invariant models. An artificial
model is not generated by direct interaction with the external reality.
An invariant model is a model, which cannot be changed by direct

interaction with the external reality. ZAMs are models, which act on
the external reality. Once a ZAM was made and activated by a ZM, it
will simulate the activity, using any information from any model of the
brain. By one or more simulations, the ZAM will find the right solution.
If it fails to find a solution, then the ZM will make another ZAM and
the process continues.
AZM-models: they are associated in a direct way to the organs which
can act on external reality. They are ready-made when a being is born,
but, to be used,