The Brain, A Decoded Enigma | Page 6

on knowledge but what the hardware
is able to do.
Any experiment is based on a model. That model tells us what we are
doing and the same model tells us what we get and what we see. Any
model that makes the experiment just improves itself. An improved
model will make better predictions and that is all. There is no guarantee
associated with the knowledge except the confidence in our own
structure of models.
Let's see another aspect. We saw that any experiment is based on a
model. The model tells us what we did and what we get and see. If
there are many persons who participate in an experiment, everyone will
make his/her own model based on his/her own structure of models.
What everyone gets and sees depends on one's own structure of models.
Example: up to around year 1500 everybody knew that the Earth was
the center of the Universe. This idea was supported by direct
observation of the sky but also by a powerful structure of models. So,
in that period, the astronomers were able to calculate Sun and Moon
eclipses, understand and calculate many parameters associated with the
movement of the Moon, Sun and stars. Even the Holy Book supported
this idea, at least in an implicit way. In that period, the idea that Earth is
the center of the Universe was correct.
I want to emphasize again that the situation is generated by the work
principle of the brain. It does not matter if we like or not this situation!

The situation will be the same forever. For instance, Newton's
Mechanics considers that there is a fundamental field of forces called
"gravity". Everybody considers that the gravity exists. But Einstein
says that there is no such a field of forces; what we see is just an effect
of the distortion of the space due to mass. If Einstein is right, the idea
that there is gravity is not correct anymore. See also the applications.
So, in every moment, the brain will consider as correct everything
which is generated by its structure of stable models.
Some scientists could consider these assertions as unacceptable, but
regardless of the fact that we like or not such a situation, the brain is
able to do only what the hardware structure is able to do.
There is another term that has some associated problems. This term is
"wrong". If a model makes wrong predictions, this usually does not
mean that the model is wrong. It means just that the model is not
suitable to the given external reality.
Faced with a new external reality, the brain will activate the model
which makes the best predictions associated with that external reality.
If a model makes wrong predictions, we have to change the model with
another one or to modify the model.
Example: Newton's symbolic model of Mechanics makes wrong
predictions associated with the objects moving at a speed comparable
to the speed of light, but its predictions are good (correct) at lower
speed.
In any situation, the terms "correct" and "wrong" must be associated
with a model or with a structure of models.
We already described the first basic hardware facility associated with
the brain (human or animal). It generates truth, reality, knowledge and
consciousness. Now we will describe the second basic hardware facility
of the brain. This is the action on the external reality.
We already saw that faced with a section of the external reality, the
brain makes at least one ZM model. A ZM model works in association
with any available (or several) M-model and with any other ZMs of
that brain. The main ZM is able to predict in a correct way the
evolution of a section of the external reality. Such a ZM is able to make
a new class of long-range models called ZAMs.
ZAMs are artificial and invariant. An artificial model is made without
any direct interaction with the external reality. An invariant model is a

model, which cannot be changed by direct interaction with the external
reality.
A ZM model will make a ZAM model in order to modify the external
reality. Once a ZAM is made, it becomes a reference model in
changing the external reality. To do this, the ZAM-model works in
connection with a number of AZM models. An AZM is a model which
is already connected to the execution organs of a being (for human
beings these are legs, hands and so on).
Once a ZAM is activated, it will simulate the requested action using
any information from all models of the brain. Based on simulations,
ZAM will determine if it is able or not to meet the goal. If the
simulation shows that the action is possible, then the ZAM will activate
AZM models for action on the