The Antiquity of Man | Page 5

Engis Cave near Liege. Professor Huxley's Description of
these Skulls. Comparison of each, with extreme Varieties of the native
Australian Race. Range of Capacity in the Human and Simian Brains.
Skull from Borreby in Denmark. Conclusions of Professor Huxley.
Bearing of the peculiar Characters of the Neanderthal Skull on the
Hypothesis of Transmutation.

CHAPTER 6.
PLEISTOCENE ALLUVIUM AND CAVE DEPOSITS WITH FLINT
IMPLEMENTS.
General Position of Drift with extinct Mammalia in Valleys.
Discoveries of M. Boucher de Perthes at Abbeville. Flint Implements
found also at St. Acheul, near Amiens. Curiosity awakened by the
systematic Exploration of the Brixham Cave. Flint Knives in same,
with Bones of extinct Mammalia. Superposition of Deposits in the
Cave. Visits of English and French Geologists to Abbeville and
Amiens.

CHAPTER 7.
PEAT AND PLEISTOCENE ALLUVIUM OF THE VALLEY OF
THE SOMME.
Geological Structure of the Valley of the Somme and of the
surrounding Country. Position of Alluvium of different Ages. Peat near

Abbeville. Its animal and vegetable Contents. Works of Art in Peat.
Probable Antiquity of the Peat, and Changes of Level since its Growth
began. Flint Implements of antique Type in older Alluvium. Their
various Forms and great Numbers.

CHAPTER 8.
PLEISTOCENE ALLUVIUM WITH FLINT IMPLEMENTS OF THE
VALLEY OF THE SOMME--concluded.
Fluvio-marine Strata, with Flint Implements, near Abbeville. Marine
Shells in same. Cyrena fluminalis. Mammalia. Entire Skeleton of
Rhinoceros. Flint Implements, why found low down in Fluviatile
Deposits. Rivers shifting their Channels. Relative Ages of higher and
lower-level Gravels. Section of Alluvium of St. Acheul. Two Species
of Elephant and Hippopotamus coexisting with Man in France. Volume
of Drift, proving Antiquity of Flint Implements. Absence of Human
Bones in tool-bearing Alluvium, how explained. Value of certain Kinds
of negative Evidence tested thereby. Human Bones not found in
drained Lake of Haarlem.

CHAPTER 9.
WORKS OF ART IN PLEISTOCENE ALLUVIUM OF FRANCE
AND ENGLAND.
Flint Implements in ancient Alluvium of the Basin of the Seine. Bones
of Man and of extinct Mammalia in the Cave of Arcy. Extinct
Mammalia in the Valley of the Oise. Flint Implement in Gravel of same
Valley. Works of Art in Pleistocene Drift in Valley of the Thames.
Musk Ox. Meeting of northern and southern Fauna. Migrations of
Quadrupeds. Mammals of Mongolia. Chronological Relation of the
older Alluvium of the Thames to the Glacial Drift. Flint Implements of
Pleistocene Period in Surrey, Middlesex, Kent, Bedfordshire, and

Suffolk.

CHAPTER 10.
CAVERN DEPOSITS, AND PLACES OF SEPULTURE OF THE
PLEISTOCENE PERIOD.
Flint Implements in Cave containing Hyaena and other extinct
Mammalia in Somersetshire. Caves of the Gower Peninsula in South
Wales. Rhinoceros hemitoechus. Ossiferous Caves near Palermo. Sicily
once part of Africa. Rise of Bed of the Mediterranean to the Height of
three hundred Feet in the Human Period in Sardinia. Burial-place of
Pleistocene Date of Aurignac in the South of France. Rhinoceros
tichorhinus eaten by Man. M. Lartet on extinct Mammalia and Works
of Art found in the Aurignac Cave. Relative Antiquity of the same
considered.

CHAPTER 11.
AGE OF HUMAN FOSSILS OF LE PUY IN CENTRAL FRANCE
AND OF NATCHEZ ON THE MISSISSIPPI DISCUSSED.
Question as to the Authenticity of the Fossil Man of Denise, near Le
Puy-en-Velay, considered. Antiquity of the Human Race implied by
that Fossil. Successive Periods of Volcanic Action in Central France.
With what Changes in the Mammalian Fauna they correspond. The
Elephas meridionalis anterior in Time to the Implement-bearing Gravel
of St. Acheul. Authenticity of the Human Fossil of Natchez on the
Mississippi discussed. The Natchez Deposit, containing Bones of
Mastodon and Megalonyx, probably not older than the Flint
Implements of St. Acheul.

CHAPTER 12.
ANTIQUITY OF MAN RELATIVELY TO THE GLACIAL PERIOD
AND TO THE EXISTING FAUNA AND FLORA.
Chronological Relation of the Glacial Period, and the earliest known
Signs of Man's Appearance in Europe. Series of Tertiary Deposits in
Norfolk and Suffolk immediately antecedent to the Glacial Period.
Gradual Refrigeration of Climate proved by the Marine Shells of
successive Groups. Marine Newer Pliocene Shells of Northern
Character near Woodbridge. Section of the Norfolk Cliffs. Norwich
Crag. Forest Bed and Fluvio-marine Strata. Fossil Plants and
Mammalia of the same. Overlying Boulder Clay and Contorted Drift.
Newer freshwater Formation of Mundesley compared to that of Hoxne.
Great Oscillations of Level implied by the Series of Strata in the
Norfolk Cliffs. Earliest known Date of Man long subsequent to the
existing Fauna and Flora.

CHAPTER 13.
CHRONOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF THE GLACIAL PERIOD
AND THE EARLIEST SIGNS OF MAN'S APPEARANCE IN
EUROPE.
Chronological Relations of the Close of the Glacial Period and the
earliest geological Signs of the Appearance of Man. Effects of Glaciers
and Icebergs in polishing and scoring Rocks. Scandinavia once
encrusted with Ice like Greenland. Outward Movement of Continental
Ice in Greenland. Mild Climate of Greenland in the Miocene