Siouan Sociology | Page 4

is evident that the Sisseton were formerly in seven divisions, the Wita-waziyata-otina and the Ohdihe being counted as one; the Basdetce-cni and Itokaq-tina as another; the Kaqmi-atonwan, Maniti, and Keze as a third, and the Tizaptan and Okopeya as a fifth. When only a part of the tribe journeyed together, the people camped in the following manner: The Amdo-wapuskiyapi pitched their tents between the west and north, the Wita-waziyata-otina between the north and east, the Itokaq-tina between the east and south, and the Kap'oja between the south and west. The following are the Sisseton gentes (figure 31):
1. Wita-waziyata-otina, Village-at-the-north-island.
2. Ohdihe (from ohdihan, to fall into an object endwise). This gens is an offshoot of the Wita-waziyata-otina.
3. Basdetce-cni (Basdece-sni), Do-not-split (the body of a buffalo)-with-a-knife (but cut it up as they please).
4. Itokaq-tina (Itokali-tina), Dwellers-at-the-south (itokaga). These are an offshoot of the Basdetce-cni.
5. Kaqmi-atonwan (Kalimi-atonwan), Village-at-the-bend (kalimin).
6. Mani-ti, Those-who-camp (ti)-away-from-the-village. An offshoot of the Kaqmi-atonwan.
7. Keze, Barbed-like-a-fishhook. An offshoot of the Kaqmi-atonwan.
8. Tcan-kute (Can kute), Shoot-in-the-woods (among the deciduous trees); a name of derision. These people, according to Ashley, resemble the Keze, whom he styles a "cross clan."
9. Ti-zaptan (Ti-zaptan), Five-lodges.
10. Okopeya, In-danger. An offshoot of the Ti-zaptan.
11. Kap'oja (Kapoza), Those-who-travel-with-light-burdens. (See number 3 of the Mdewakantonwan.)
12. Amdo-wapuskiyapi, Those-who-lay-meat-on-their-shoulders (amdo)-to-dry-it (wapuskiya)-during-the-hunt.
[Illustration: FIG. 31.--Sisseton camping circle.]
FIG. 31.--Sisseton camping circle.

THE IHA?KTONWAN OR YANKTON
The Yankton and Yanktonai speak the Yankton dialect, which has many words in common with the Teton.
In 1878 Walking Elk wrote the names of the Yankton gentes in the following order: 1, Tcan-kute (Can kute), Shoot-in-the-woods; 2, Tcaxu (Cagu), Lights or lungs; 3, Wakmuha-oin (Wakmuha oin),Pumpkin-rind-earring; 4, Ihaisdaye, Mouth-greasers; 5, Watceunpa (Waceunpa), Roasters; 6, Ikmun (Ikmun), An animal of the cat kind (lynx, panther, or wildcat); 7, Oyate-citca (Oyate-sica), Bad-nation; 8, Wacitcun-tcintca (Wasican-cinca) (a modern addition), Sons-of-white-men, the "Half-blood band." But in 1891 Reverend Joseph W. Cook, who has been missionary to the Yankton since 1870, obtained from several men the following order of gentes (ignoring the half-bloods): On the right side of the circle were, 1, Iha isdaye; 2, Wakmuha-oin; 3, Ikmun. On the left side of the circle were, 4, Watceunpa; 5, Tcan-kute; 6, Oyate-citca; and, 7, Tcaxu.

THE IHA?KTONWANNA OR YANKTONAI
The Yanktonai are divided into the Upper and Lower Yanktonai, the latter being known as the Hu?kpatina, Those-camping-at-one-end (or "horn")-of-the-tribal-circle.
The Upper Yanktonai geutes are as follows: 1, Tcan-ona (Can ona), Shoot-at-trees, or Wazi-kute, Shooters-among-the-pines; from these the Ho-he or Asiniboin have sprung. 2, Takini, Improved-in-condition (as a lean animal or a poor man). 3, Cikcitcena (Siksicena), Bad-ones-of-different-sorts. 4, Bakihon (Bakihon), Gash-themselves-with-knives. 5, Kiyuksa, Breakers (of the law or custom); see Mdewakantonwan gens number 1. 6, Pa-baksa, Cut-heads; some of these are on Devils Lake reservation, North Dakota. 7, Name forgotten.
The following are the gentes of the Lower Yanktonai, or Hu?kpatina: 1, Pute-temini, Sweat-lips; the gens of Maxa-bomdu or Drifting Goose. 2, Gun-iktceka (Sun ikceka), Common dogs. 3, Taquha-yuta (Tahuha-yuta), Eat-the-scrapings-of-hides. 4, San-ona (San-ona), Shot-at-some-white-object; this name originated from killing an albino buffalo; a Hu?kpapa chief said that refugees or strangers from another tribe were so called. 5, Iha-ca (Iha-sa), Red-lips. 6, Ite-xu (Ite-gu), Burned-face. 7, Pte-yute-cni (Pte-yute-sni), Eat-no-buffalo-cows.

THE TITONWAN OR TETON

TRIBAL DIVISIONS
The Teton are divided into seven tribes, which were formerly gentes. These are the Sitcanxu (Sicangu), Itaziptco (Itazipco), Siha-sapa, Minikooju (Minikoozu), Oohe-nonpa (Oohe-nonpa), Oglala, and Hu?kpapa.

THE SITCANXU
The Sitcanxu, Bois Brul��s or Burned Thighs, are divided locally into (1) Qeyata-witcaca (Heyata wicasa), People-away-from-the-river, the Highland or Upper Brul��, and (2) the Kud (Kuta or Kunta)-witcaca, the Lowland or Lower Brul��. The Sitcanxu are divided socially into gentes, of which the number has increased in recent years. The following names of their gentes were given to the author in 1880 by Tata?ka-wakan, Mysterious Buffalo-bull: 1, Iyak'oza (Iyakoza), Lump (or wart)-on-a-horse's-leg. 2, Tcoka-towela (Coka-towela), Blue-spot-in-the-middle. 3, Ciyo-ta?ka (Siyo-tanka), Large grouse or prairie chicken. 4, Ho-mna, Fish-smellers. 5, Ciyo-subula (Siyo-subula), Sharp-tail grouse. 6, Kanxi-yuha (Kangi-yuha), Raven keepers. 7, Pispiza-witcaca (Pispiza-wicasa), Prairie-dog people. 8, Walexa-un-wohan (Walega un wohan), Boil-food-with-the-paunch-skin (walega). 9, Watceunpa (Waceunpa), Roasters. 10, Cawala (Sawala), Shawnee; the descendants of a Shawnee chief adopted into the tribe. 11, Iha?ktonwan (Ihanktonwan), Yankton, so called from their mothers, Yankton women; not an original Sitcanxu gens. 12, Naqpaqpa (Nahpahpa), Take-down (their)-leggings (after returning from war). 13, Apewan-ta?ka (Apewan tanka), Big manes (of horses).
In 1884 Reverend W.J. Cleveland sent the author the accompanying diagram (figure 32) and the following list of Sitcanxu gentes, containing names which he said were of very recent origin; 1, Sitcanxu proper. 2, Kak'exa (Kakega),Making-a-grating-sound. 3a, Hinhan-cun-wapa (Hinhan-sun-wapa), Toward-the-owl-feather. 3b, Cu?ikaha-napin (Sunkaha napin), Wears-a-dogskin-around-the-neek, 4, Hi-ha kanhanhan win (Hi-ha kanhanhan win), Woman (win) -the-skin (ha) -of-whose-teeth (hi) -dangles (kanhanhan). 5, Hu?ku-wanitca (Hunku-wanica), Without-a-mother. 6, Miniskuya-kitc'un (Miniskuya kicun), Wears salt. 7a, Kiyuksa, Breaks-or-cuts-in-two-his-own (custom, etc; probably referring to the marriage law; see Mdewakantonwan gens number 1). 7b, Ti-glabu, Drums-iu-his-own-lodge. 8, Watceunpa (Waceunpa), Boasters.