Scientific American Supplement, No. 455, September 20, 1884 | Page 3

is transformed into dextrose. It does not ferment when treated in water solution with fresh yeast. The analyses led to the formula C{12}H{24}O{10}. When treated under pressure with three times its weight of acetic anhydride at 130-140° it dissolves perfectly. From the solution a product was separated which on analysis gave results agreeing with the formula C{12}H{18}O{10}(C{2}H{3}O){6}. The substance appears therefore to be hexacetylgallisin.
Physiological experiments on lower animals and human beings demonstrated clearly that gallisin has neither directly nor indirectly any injurious effect on the health.--Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 17, 1000; Amer. Chem. Jour.
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THE COMBINING WEIGHTS, VOLUMES, AND SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS.
Under the title of "Figures Worth Studying," Mr. William Farmer, of New York, read a paper before a recent meeting of the Society of Gas Lighting, from which the American Gas Light Journal gives the following:
I have prepared the following table, which contains some of the elements and compounds, with their combining weights, volumes, and specific gravities. When the combining weight of any of these elements and compounds is taken in pounds, then the gas or vapor therefrom will always occupy about 377.07 cubic feet of space, at 60° Fahr. and 30 inches barometer. If we divide this constant 377.07 by the combining weight of any of the substances, then the quotient will be the number of cubic feet per pound of the same. If we divide the combining weight of any of the substances given in the table by 2, then the quotient will give the density of the same, as compared with hydrogen. If we divide the combining weight of any of the substances by the constant 28.87, then the quotient will be the specific gravity of the gas or vapor therefrom, as compared with air. All the calculations are based on the atomic weights which are now generally adopted by the majority of chemists.
------------------------------------------------------------------- | | |Cub. Ft.| | | | | per | | | Combi- |Cub. Ft.| Combi- |Specific| | ning | per | ning |Gravity | |Weight. | Pound. |Weight. |Air = 1.| ------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+--------| Hydrogen (H{2}) | 2.00 | 188.53 | 377.07 | 0.0692 | Carbon vapour (C{2}) | 23.94 | 15.75 | 377.07 | 0.8292 | Nitrogen (N{2}) | 28.06 | 13.43 | 377.07 | 0.9719 | Oxygen (O{2}) | 31.92 | 11.81 | 377.07 | 1.1056 | Chlorine (Cl{2}) | 71.00 | 5.31 | 377.07 | 2.4593 | Bromine (Br{2}) | 160.00 | 2.35 | 377.07 | 5.5420 | Flourine (F{2}) | 38.00 | 9.92 | 377.07 | 1.3162 | Iodine (I{2}) | 253.20 | 1.48 | 377.07 | 8.7703 | Sulphur (S{2}) | 63.96 | 5.89 | 377.07 | 2.2154 | Phosphorus (P{4}) | 123.84 | 3.04 | 377.07 | 4.2895 | Carbonic oxide (CO) | 27.03 | 13.50 | 377.07 | 0.9674 | Carbonic acid (CO{2}) | 48.89 | 8.59 | 377.07 | 1.5202 | Water vapour (H{2}O) | 17.06 | 20.99 | 377.07 | 0.6221 | Hydrogen sulphide (H{2}S) | 33.08 | 11.09 | 377.07 | 1.1770 | Ammonia (H{2}N) | 17.03 | 22.14 | 377.07 | 0.5898 | Sulphurous oxide (SO{2}) | 63.90 | 5.90 | 377.07 | 2.2133 | Sulphuric oxide (SO{3}) | 79.86 | 4.72 | 377.07 | 2.7662 | Cyanogen (C{2}N{2}) | 52.00 | 7.25 | 377.07 | 1.8011 | Bisulphide of carbon (CS{2}) | 75.93 | 4.96 | 377.07 | 2.6300 | Ethyl alcohol (C{2}H{6}O) | 45.90 | 8.21 | 377.07 | 1.5898 | Ethyl ether (C{4}H{10}O) | 73.84 | 5.10 | 377.07 | 2.5576 | Methyl alcohol (CH{4}O) | 31.93 | 11.81 | 377.07 | 1.1059 | Methyl chloride (CH{3}Cl) | 50.47 | 7.47 | 377.07 | 1.7482 | Carbonyl chloride (COCl{2}) | 98.93 | 3.81 | 377.07 | 3.4267 | Phosphine gas (PH{3}) | 33.96 | 11.10 | 377.07 | 1.1769 | Hydrochloric acid (HCl) | 36.50 | 10.33 | 377.07 | 1.2642 | Methane (CH{4}) | 15.98 | 26.61 | 377.07 | 0.5531 | Ethane (C{2}H{6}) | 29.94 | 12.50 | 377.07 | 1.0370 | Propane (C{3}H{8}) | 43.91 | 8.58 | 377.07 | 1.5209 | Butane (C{4}H{10}) | 57.88 | 6.51 | 377.07 | 2.0048 | Ethene (C{2}H{4}) | 27.94 | 13.49 | 377.07 | 0.9677 | Propene (C{3}H{6}) | 41.91 | 8.99 | 377.07 | 1.4516 | Butene (C{4}H{8}) | 55.88 | 6.74 | 377.07 | 1.9355 | Ethine (C{2}H{2}) | 25.94 | 14.53 | 377.07 | 0.8985 | Propine (C{3}H{4}) | 39.91 | 9.44 | 377.07 | 1.3824 | Butine (C{4}H{6}) | 53.88 | 6.98 | 377.07 | 1.8662 | Quintone (C{5}H{6}) | 65.85 | 5.72 | 377.07 | 2.2809 | Benzene (C{6}H{6}) | 77.82 | 4.84 | 377.07 | 2.6955 | Styrolene (C{8}H{8}) | 103.75 | 3.63 | 377.07 | 3.5936 | Naphtalene (C{10}H{8}) | 127.70 | 2.95 |