Prince Henry the Navigator, the Hero of Portugal and of Modern Discovery, 1394-1460 A.D.

Prince Henry the Navigator, the Hero of?by C. Raymond Beazley

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Title: Prince Henry the Navigator, the Hero of Portugal and of Modern Discovery, 1394-1460 A.D. With an Account of Geographical Progress Throughout the Middle Ages As the Preparation for His Work.
Author: C. Raymond Beazley

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PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR
* * * * *
Heroes of the Nations.
PER VOLUME, CLOTH, $1.50.--HALF MOROCCO, $1.75.
I.--Nelson, and the Naval Supremacy of England. By W. CLARK RUSSELL, author of "The Wreck of the Grosvenor," etc.
II.--Gustavus Adolphus, and the Struggle of Protestantism for Existence. By C.R.L. FLETCHER, M.A., late Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford.
III.--Pericles, and the Golden Age of Athens. By EVELYN ABBOTT, M.A., Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford.
IV.--Theodoric the Goth, the Barbarian Champion of Civilisation. By THOMAS HODGKIN, author of "Italy and Her Invaders," etc.
V.--Sir Philip Sidney: Type of English Chivalry. By H.R. FOX BOURNE.
VI.--Julius C?sar, and the Organisation of the Roman Empire. By WARDE FOWLER, M.A., Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford.
VII.--Wyclif, Last of the Schoolmen and First of the English Reformers. By LEWIS SERGEANT.
VIII.--Napoleon, Warrior and Ruler; and the Military Supremacy of Revolutionary France. By WILLIAM O'CONNOR MORRIS.
IX.--Henry of Navarre, and the Huguenots in France. By P.F. WILLERT, M.A., Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford.
X.--Cicero, and the Fall of the Roman Republic. By J.L. STRACHAN-DAVIDSON, M.A., Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford.
XI.--Abraham Lincoln, and the Downfall of American Slavery. By NOAH BROOKS.
XII.--Prince Henry (of Portugal) the Navigator, and the Age of Discovery. By C.R. BEAZLEY, Fellow of Merton College, Oxford.
XIII.--Julian the Philosopher, and the Last Struggle of Paganism against Christianity. By ALICE GARDNER, Lecturer on Ancient History, Newnham College.
XIV.--Louis XIV., and the Zenith of the French Monarchy. By ARTHUR HASSALL, M.A., Senior Student of Christ Church College, Oxford.
(For titles of volumes next to appear and for further details of this Series see prospectus at end of volume.)
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, PUBLISHERS NEW YORK AND LONDON
* * * * *
Heroes of the Nations
Edited by Evelyn Abbot, M.A. Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford
FACTA DUCIS VIVENT, OPEROSAQUE GLORIA RERUM.--OVID, IN LIVIAM, 265.
THE HERO'S DEEDS AND HARD-WON FAME SHALL LIVE.

PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR THE HERO OF PORTUGAL AND OF MODERN DISCOVERY 1394-1460 A.D.
With an Account of Geographical Progress Throughout the Middle Ages As the Preparation for His Work
by
C. RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., F.R.G.S.
Fellow of Merton College, Oxford; Geographical Student in the University of Oxford, 1894

Venient annis s?cula seris Quibus Oceanus vincula rerum Laxet, et ingens pateat tellus, Tethys que novos detegat orbes, Nec sit terris ultima Thule.
SENECA, Medea 376/380.

[Illustration: GATEWAY AT BELEM. WITH STATUE, BETWEEN THE DOORS, OF PRINCE HENRY IN ARMOUR.]

G. P. Putnam's Sons New York 27 West Twenty-Third Street London 24 Bedford Street, Strand The Knickerbocker Press 1895 Copyright, 1894 by G. P. Putnam's Sons Entered at Stationers' Hall, London Electrotyped, Printed and Bound by The Knickerbocker Press, New York G. P. Putnam's Sons

CONTENTS.
PAGE PREFACE xvii
INTRODUCTION.
THE GREEK AND ARABIC IDEAS OF THE WORLD, AS THE CHIEF INHERITANCE OF THE CHRISTIAN MIDDLE AGES IN GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE. 1
CHAPTER I.
EARLY CHRISTIAN PILGRIMS (CIRCA 333-867) 29
CHAPTER II.
VIKINGS OR NORTHMEN (CIRCA 787-1066) 50
CHAPTER III.
THE CRUSADES AND LAND TRAVEL (CIRCA 1100-1300) 76
CHAPTER IV.
MARITIME EXPLORATION (CIRCA 1250-1410) 106
CHAPTER V.
GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE IN CHRISTENDOM FROM THE FIRST CRUSADES (CIRCA 1100-1460) 114
CHAPTER VI.
PORTUGAL TO 1400 (1095-1400) 123
CHAPTER VII.
HENRY'S POSITION AND DESIGNS AT THE TIME OF THE FIRST VOYAGES, 1410-15 138
CHAPTER VIII.
PRINCE HENRY AND THE CAPTURE OF CEUTA (1415) 147
CHAPTER IX.
HENRY'S SETTLEMENT AT SAGRES AND FIRST DISCOVERIES (1418-28) 160
CHAPTER X.
CAPE BOJADOR AND THE AZORES (1428-41) 168
CHAPTER XI.
HENRY'S POLITICAL LIFE (1433-41) 179
CHAPTER XII.
FROM BOJADOR TO CAPE VERDE (1441-5) 192
CHAPTER XIII.
THE ARMADA OF 1445 228
CHAPTER XIV.
VOYAGES OF 1446-8 240
CHAPTER XV.
THE AZORES (1431-60) 250
CHAPTER XVI.
THE TROUBLES OF THE REGENCY AND THE FALL OF DON PEDRO (1440-9) 257
CHAPTER XVII.
CADAMOSTO (1455-6) 261
CHAPTER XVIII.
VOYAGES OF DIEGO GOMEZ (1458-60) 289
CHAPTER XIX.
HENRY'S LAST YEARS AND DEATH (1458-60) 299
CHAPTER XX.
THE RESULTS OF PRINCE HENRY'S WORK 308
INDEX 325

ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
MAIN GATE OF THE MONASTERY CHURCH AT BELEM, Frontispiece
Built on the site of an old sailor's chapel, existing in Prince Henry's day, and used by his men. In the niche between the two great entrance doors, is a statue of Prince Henry in armour.
THE MONASTERY CHURCH AT