Pitmans Commercial Spanish Grammar | Page 4

(f.) temeis
El teme Ellos (m.) temen?Ella teme Ellas (f.) temen
V. teme Vs. temen
3rd Conjugation. Partir (to depart, to set out).?Pres. Part._ Partiendo. _Past Part. Partido.
Pres. Tense, Indic. Mood.
Yo parto Nosotros (m.) partimos
Nosotras (f.) partimos
Tu partes Vosotros (m.) partis
Vosotras (f.) partis
El parte Ellos (m.) parten?Ella parte Ellas (f.) parten
V. parte Vs. parten
VOCABULARY.
=a=, to, at?=amar=[10], to love?=el arbol=, the tree?=las botas=, the boots?=el capitan=, the captain?=la camisa=, the shirt?=la casaca=[11], the coat?=comprar=, to buy?=la flor=, the flower?=el hombre=, the man?=el hermano=, the brother?=la hermana=, the sister?=el joven=, the young man?=la joven=, the young woman?=el lapiz=, the pencil?=el libro=, the book?=la madre=, the mother?=mas=, but?=mas=, more?=la mujer=, the woman?=nosotros tenemos=, we have?=el oro=, gold?=el padre=, the father?=los pantalones=, the trousers?=el papel=, the paper?=para=, for?=la plata=, silver?=la pluma=, the pen?=el sombrero=, the hat?=el tiene=, he has?=V. tiene=, you (sing.) have?=Vs. tienen=, you (pl.) have?=la tinta=, the ink?=el tintero=, the inkstand?=*tener=,[10] to have, to possess?=yo tengo=, I have?=el viejo=, the old man?=la vieja=, the old woman?=la virtud=, virtue
[Footnote 10: The verbs given in this vocabulary and the following are regular (i.e., they are conjugated respectively as the model verbs given) unless they are marked with an asterisk.]
[Footnote 11: Or_ americana, _more used now.]
EXERCISE 1 (1).
Translate into English--
1. El hombre tiene una pluma.
2. La mujer tiene un libro.
3. ?Tiene el padre un sombrero?
4. Nosotros tenemos el tintero del (of the) joven.
5. V. tiene el papel y (and) el lapiz de la madre.
6. Vs. tienen la tinta y el papel.
7. Las hermanas aman.
8. El oro y la plata son preciosos (are precious) mas la virtud es (is) mas preciosa.
9. La vieja y la joven compran flores (flowers).
10. V. vende sombreros.
11. Vs. tienen las cartas.
12. ?Compra[12] V. los pantalones?
13. El Senor (Mr.) Brown es hermano de Juan (John).
14. El sombrero, la americana, y las botas son mios (mine).
15. ?Habla V.?
16. ?Teme ella?
17. Ellos parten.
18. V. parte.
19. Nosotros compramos generos (goods) y vendemos flores.
[Footnote 12: The auxiliary "Do" and "Did," used in English in interrogative and negative sentences, are not translated in Spanish.]
EXERCISE 2 (2).
Translate into Spanish--
1. The father, the mother, and the brother.
2. A pencil, a pen, and an inkstand.
3. The old man and the old woman.
4. A hat and some boots.
5. The shirt and the trousers.
6. I buy the tree.
7. He sells some flowers (flores).
8. I fear.
9. He fears.
10. We sell.
11. We set out.
12. You (sing.) set out.
13. I buy.
14. He sells.
15. The brother and the sister sell.
16. They speak to the (al) man.
17. We set out for London (Londres).
18. The old woman has the hat.
19. The old man has the flower.
20. Who (quien) has the ink and a pen?
21. The father has the coat.
22. Gold is precious (es precioso) but virtue is more precious (preciosa).
23. I sell paper to the woman.
24. You (sing.) fear.
25. You (plu.) buy some flowers.
26. She speaks to the sister.
27. The father and the mother of the captain.
LESSON II.
(Leccion segunda.)

THE ARTICLE (contd.).

The definite article El_ is contracted with the preposition _de (of or from) into =Del= and with the preposition A_, into _al as--
Del extranjero: Of or from the foreigner.?Al caballero espanol: To the Spanish gentleman.
These are the only contractions that occur in Spanish; with the other prepositions the article simply follows, as--
By, for, with, in, on, without, behind, the father:?Por, Para, Con, En, Sobre, Sin, Tras, el padre.
The following are the principal cases in which the definite article is used in Spanish and not in English--
1. Before nouns taken in a general sense, as--
El oro y la plata: Gold and silver.?Los hombres o las mujeres: Men or women.
2. Before titles denoting dignity and profession,[13] as--
El Senor Fulano: Mr. So-and-So.?El Rey Jorge V.: King George V.?El Profesor Rosales: Professor Rosales.
The only exception is "Don" (Mr.), only used before Christian names, as Don Francisco (Mr. Francis).
3. Generally before each of several nouns following each other when they are material possessions, as--
La casa y el jardin de mi hijo: My son's[14] house and garden. Las puertas y las ventanas de mi casa: The doors and windows of my house.
But--
La diligencia, devocion, y virtud de mi primo: the diligence, devotion and virtue of my cousin.
4. Before a proper noun qualified by an adjective, as--
El valiente Juan: Brave John.[15]
The following are the principal cases in which the indefinite article is used in English and not in Spanish--
1. Before a noun following the verb "to be," or other similar verbs, as--
Es capitan[16]: He is a captain.?Soy frances: I am a Frenchman.?Se hizo actor: He became an actor.?Le elegimos miembro de esta sociedad: We elect him a member of this society.?Fue elegido miembro: He was elected a member.
2. After "what" used in exclamations, as: