Pitmans Commercial Spanish Grammar | Page 9

C. A. Toledano
modista francesa: The French
milliner.
Adjectives ending in _N_ add =A= for the feminine, as--
Un hombre socarron: A sly or cunning man.
Una sonrisa socarrona: A
cunning smile.

EXCEPT Joven (young), Comun (common), and Ruin (base, sordid),
which do not change for the feminine.
Adjectives ending in or add =A= to form the feminine, as--
Un comerciante emprendedor: An enterprising merchant.
Una casa
emprendedora: An enterprising firm.
EXCEPT =Comparative= adjectives ending in or, as Mejor (better),
Peor (worse), which do not change for the feminine.
There are a very few adjectives ending in ete_ and _ote. These change
into =eta= and =ota= for the feminine.
Other adjectives do not change.
+------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+
| Ser[31] (to be). | Estar[32] (to be). |
|Pres. Part., Siendo (being) | Pres. Part., | Estando (being) |
|_Past Part._, Sido (been) | _Past Part._, |
Estado (been) |
|Pres. Tense, Indic. Mood. | Pres. Tense, Indic. Mood. | |Soy (I am), etc.
Somos | Estoy (I am), etc. | Estamos |
|Eres Sois | Estas |
Estais |
|Es Son | Esta |
Estan |

+------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+ |Imperf.
Tense, Indic. Mood | Imperf. Tense, Indic. Mood. | |Era (I was), etc.
Eramos | Estaba (I was) etc.| Estabamos |
|Eras Erais | Estabas |
Estabais |
|Era Eran | Estaba |
Estaban |

+------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+ |_Past
Def. Tense, Indic. Mood.| Past Def. Tense, Indic. Mood. | |Fui (I was),
etc. Fuimos | Estuve (I was), etc.| Estuvimos |
|Fuiste Fuisteis | Estuviste
| Estuvisteis |
|Fue Fueron | Estuvo
| Estuvieron |

+------------------------------+---------------------+-----------------+
[Footnote 31: =Ser= is used--
(1) To form the Passive voice as, Le amo (I love him), Soy amado de el
(I am loved by him).
(2) To denote an inherent quality, viz., forming part and parcel with the
subject, as Este hombre es habil (this man is clever).]
[Footnote 32: Estar is used--
(1) To denote state in locality, viz., to be in a place, as Estoy aqui (I am
here), Manchester esta en Inglaterra (Manchester is in England)
(2) To denote condition (as opposed to an inherent quality), as Este
hombre esta cansado (this man is tired).]
VOCABULARY.
=activo=, active
=ahora=, now
=un ano=, a year
=aquel, ese= (m.),
that
=aquella, esa= (f.), that
=bayeta=, baize
=celebre=, celebrated

=cima=, top
=criados=, men-servants
=criadas=, maid-servants

=el dia=, the day
=ejercito=, army
=encuadernado=, bound, (of
books)
=escritorio=, writing-desk
=los fosforos=, the matches

=Gales=, Wales
=juventud=, youth, young age.
=el lacre=, the
sealing-wax
=lectura=, reading
=limpiar=, to clean
=limpio=,
clean
=mayormente=, especially
=medico=, doctor
=el monte=,

the mountain
=la nieve=, the snow
=por tanto=, therefore

=puerta=, door
=siempre=, always
=sincero=, sincere
=soldado=,
soldier
=terciopelo=, velvet
=vela=, candle
=ventana=, window
EXERCISE 1 (7).
Translate into English--
0. Pedro es medico.[33] El es buen medico.
0. Era un celebre medico de la ciudad de Paris.
0. Juan esta[34] cansado y yo estoy enfermo.
0. La lectura es util[33] siempre y mayormente en la juventud.
0. Aquel tintero es[33] de V.
0. Este es un libro famoso[33] y esta muy bien encuadernado.[34]
0. Mi hermano es soldado.[35]
0. Se ha alistado (he has enlisted) en el ejercito ingles por cinco (five)
anos.
0. El Monte Snowdon esta[36] en Gales.
0. La ciudad del Cairo esta[36] en Egipto.
0. Las cimas de algunos montes estan[37] cubiertas (covered) siempre
de nieve.
0. ?Siempre?
0. Si, siempre.
0. Estos tinteros son limpiados todos los dias (every day) por los
dependientes o por las criadas.
0. Estos tinteros estan limpios ahora y siempre.
0. Aquella ventana
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