Houses and House-Life of the American Aborigines | Page 4

as an original centre of this Indian culture-- Mound-Builders probable emigrants from this region--Historical tribes of Mexico emigrants from same--Indian migrations--Made under control of physical causes.

CHAPTER IX
.
HOUSES OF THE MOUND-BUILDERS.
Area of their occupation--Their condition that of Village Indians-- Probably immigrants from New Mexico--Character of their earthworks-- Embankments enclosing squares--Probable sites of their houses-- Adapted, as elevated platforms, to Long Houses--High bank works-- Capacity of embankments--Conjectural restoration of the pueblo-- Other embankments--Their probable uses--Artificial clay beds under grave-mounds--Probably used for cremation of chiefs--Probable numbers of the Mound Builders--Failure of attempt to transplant this type of village life to the Ohio Valley--Their withdrawal probably voluntary.

CHAPTER X
.
HOUSES OF THE AZTECS OR ANCIENT MEXICANS.
First accounts of Pueblo of Mexico--Their extravagance--Later American exaggerations--Kings and emperors made out of sachems and war-chiefs--Ancient society awakens curiosity and wonder--Aztec government a confederacy of three Indian tribes--Pueblo of Mexico in an artificial lake--Joint-tenement houses--Several families in each house--Houses in Cuba and Central America--Aztec houses not fully explored--Similar to those in New Mexico--Communism in living probable--Cortez in Pueblo of Mexico--His quarters--Explanation of Diaz--Of Herrera--Of Bandolier--House occupied by Montezuma--A communal house--Montezuma's dinner--According to Diaz--to Cortez--to Herrera--To H. H. Bancroft--Excessive exaggerations--Dinner in common by a communal household--Bandelier's "Social Organization and Mode of Government of the Ancient Mexicans."

CHAPTER XI
.
RUINS OF HOUSES OF THE SEDENTARY INDIANS OF YUCATAN AND CENTRAL AMERICA.
Pueblos in Yucatan and Central America--Their situation--Their house architecture--Highest type of aboriginal architecture--Pueblos were occupied when discovered--Uxmal houses erected on pyramidal elevations--Governor's house--Character of its architecture--House of the Nuns--Triangular ceiling of stone--Absence of chimneys--No cooking done within the house--Their communal plan evidently joint-tenement houses--Present communism of Mayas--Presumtively inherited from their ancestors--Ruins of Zayi--The closed house-- Apartments constructed over a core of masonry--Palenque--Mr. Stephens' misconception of these ruins--Whether the post and lintel of stone were used as principles of construction--Plan of all these houses communal--Also fortresses--Palenque Indians flat-heads-- American ethnography--General conclusions.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
FRONTISPIECE. Zunyi Water Carrier.
Fig. 1. Earth Lodges of the Sacramento Valley
Fig. 2. Gallinomero Thatched Lodge
Fig. 3. Matdu Lodge in the high Sierra
Fig. 4. Yukuta Tule Lodges
Fig. 5. Kutchin Lodge
Fig. 6. Ground-plan of Necrohokioo
Fig. 7. Frame of Ojibwa Wig-e-wam
Fig. 8. Dakota Woka-yo, or Skin Tent
Fig. 9. Village of Pomeiock
Fig. 10. Village of Secotan
Fig. 11. Interior of House of Virginia Indians
Fig. 12. Ho-de-no-sote of the Seneca-Iroquois
Fig. 13. Ground-plan of Seneca-Iroquois Long-House
Fig. 14. Bartram's ground-plan and cross-section of Onondaga Long-House.
Fig. 15. Palisaded Onondaga Village
Fig. 16. Mandan Village Plot
Fig. 17. Ground-plan of Mandan House
Fig. 18. Cross-section of Mandan House
Fig. 19. Mandan House
Fig. 20. Mandan Drying-Scaffold
Fig. 21. Mandan Ladder
Fig. 22. Pueblo of Santo Domingo
Fig. 23. Pueblo of Zunyi
Fig. 24. Room in Zunyi House
Fig. 25. Pueblo of Wolpi
Fig. 26. Room in Moki House
Fig. 27. North Pueblo of Taos
Fig. 28. Room in Pueblo of Taos
Fig. 29. Map of a portion of Chaco Canyon
Fig. 30. Ground-plans of Pueblos Pintada and Wejegi
Fig. 31. Ground-plans of Pueblos of Una Vida and Hungo Pavie
Fig. 32. Restoration of Pueblo Hungo Pavie
Fig. 33. Ground-plan of Pueblo Chettro Kettle
Fig. 34. Interior of a Room in Pueblo Chettro Kettle
Fig. 35. Ground-plan of Pueblo Bonito
Fig. 36. Room in Pueblo Bonito
Fig. 37. Restoration of Pueblo Bonito
Fig. 38. Ground-plan of Pueblo del Arroyo
Fig. 39. Ground-plan of Pueblo Peuasca Blanca
Fig. 40. Ground-plan of the Pueblo on Animas River
Fig. 41. Stone from Doorway
Fig. 41a. A finished block of Sandstone (for comparison with Fig. 41)
Fig. 42. Section of Cedar Lintel
Fig. 43. Outline of Stone Pueblo on Animas River
Fig. 44. Pueblos at commencement of McElmo Canyon
Fig. 45. Outline plan of Stone Pueblo near base of Ute Mountain
Fig. 46. Ground-plan of High Bank Pueblo
Fig. 47. Restoration of High Bank Pueblo
Fig. 48. Ground-plan and sections of house, High Bank Pueblo
Fig. 49. Mound with artificial clay basin
Fig. 50. Side elevation of Pyramidal Platform of Governor's House
Fig. 51. Governor's House at Uxmal
Fig. 52. Ground-plan of Governor's House, Uxmal
Fig. 53. Ground-plan of the House of the Nuns
Fig. 54. Section of room in House of the Nuns
Fig. 55. Ground-plan of Zayi
Fig. 56. Cross-section through one apartment

HOUSES AND HOUSE-LIFE OF THE AMERICAN ABORIGINES.

CHAPTER I
.
SOCIAL AND GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
In a previous work I have considered the organization of the American aborigines in gentes, phratries, and tribes, with the functions of each in their social system. From the importance of this organization to a right understanding of their social and governmental life, a recapitulation of the principal features of each member of the organic series is necessary in this connection. [Footnote: "Ancient Society" or "Researches in the Lines of Human Progress from Savagery through Barbarism to Civilization." Henry Holt & Co. 1877.]
The gentile organization opens to us one of the oldest and most widely-prevalent institutions of mankind. It furnished the nearly universal plan of government of ancient society, Asiatic, European, African, American, and Australian. It was the instrumentality by means of which society was organized and held together. Commencing in savagery, and continuing through the three subperiods of barbarism, it remained until the establishment of