Holland - The History of the Netherlands | Page 4

Prosperity of the United Provinces--Excesses of the Gomarists--The
Magistrates call out the National Militia--Violent Conduct of Prince
Maurice--Uncompromising Steadiness of Barneveldt--Calumnies
against him--Maurice succeeds to the Title of Prince of Orange, and
Acts with increasing Violence--Arrest of Barneveldt and his
Friends--Synod of Dort--Its Consequences--Trial, Condemnation, and
Execution of Barneveldt--Grotius and Hoogerbeets sentenced to
perpetual Imprisonmemt--Ledenburg commits Suicide.
CHAPTER XVII
TO THE DEATH OF PRINCE MAURICE
A.D. 1619--1625
The Parties Of Arminianism quite subdued--Emigrations--Grotius
resolves to attempt an Escape from Prison--Succeeds in his
Attempt--He repairs to Paris, and publishes his "Apology"--Expiration
of the Twelve Years' Truce--Death of Philip III. And of the Archduke
Albert--War in Germany--Campaign between Prince Maurice and
Spinola--Conspiracy against the Life of Prince Maurice--Its
Failure--Fifteen of the Conspirators executed--Great Unpopularity of
Maurice--Death of Maurice.

CHAPTER XVIII
TO THE TREATY OF MUNSTER
A.D. 1625--1648
Frederick Henry succeeds his Brother--Charles I. King of
England--War between France and England--Victories of Admiral
Hein--Brilliant Success of Frederick Henry--Fruitless Enterprise in
Flanders--Death of the Archduchess Isabella--Confederacy in
Brabant--Its Failure, and Arrest of the Nobles--Ferdinand,
Prince-Cardinal, Governor-General--Treaty between France and
Holland--Battle of Avein--Naval Affairs--Battle of the Downs--Van
Tromp--Negotiations for the Marriage of Prince William with the
Princess Mary of England--Death of the Prince-Cardinal--Don
Francisco de Mello Governor-General--Battle of Rocroy--Gallantry of
Prince William--Death of Cardinal Richelieu and of Louis
XIII.--English Politics--Affairs of Germany--Negotiations for
Peace--Financial Embarrassment of the Republic--The Republic
negotiates with Spain--Last Exploits of Frederick Henry--His Death,
and Character--William II. Stadtholder--Peace of Munster--Resentment
of Louis XIII.--Peace of Westphalia--Review of the Progress of Art,
Science, and Manners--Literature-- Painting--Engraving--
Sculpture--Architecture--Finance--Population--Commercial
Companies--Manners.
CHAPTER XIX
FROM THE PEACE OF MUNSTER TO THE PEACE OF
NIMEGUEN
A.D. 1648--1678
State of the Republic after the Peace of Munster--State of
England--William II. Stadtholder--His ambitious Designs and Violent
Conduct--Attempts to seize on Amsterdam--His Death--Different
Sensations caused by his Death--The Prerogatives of the Stadtholder

assumed by the People--Naval War with England--English Act of
Navigation--Irish Hostilities--Death of Tromp--A Peace with
England--Disturbed State of the Republic--War with Denmark--Peace
concluded--Charles II. restored to the English Throne--Declares War
against Holland--Naval Actions--Charles endeavors to excite all Europe
against the Dutch--His Failure--Renewed Hostilities--De Ruyter
defeated--Peace of Breda--Invasion of Flanders by Louis XIV.--He
overruns Brabant and Flanders--Triple League, 1668--Perfidious
Conduct of Charles II.--He declares War against Holland, etc., as does
Louis XIV.--Unprepared State of United Provinces--William III. Prince
of Orange--Appointed Captain-General and High Admiral--Battle of
Solebay--The French Invade the Republic--The States-General implore
Peace--Terms demanded by Louis XIV. and by Charles
II.--Desperation of the Dutch--The Prince of Orange proclaimed
Stadtholder--Massacre of the De Witts--Fine Conduct of the Prince of
Orange--He takes the Field--Is reinforced by Spain, the Emperor, and
Brandenburg--Louis XIV. forced to abandon his Conquests--Naval
Actions with the English--A Peace, 1674--Military Affairs--Battle of
Senef--Death of De Ruyter--Congress for Peace at Nimeguen--Battle of
Mont Cassel--Marriage of the Prince of Orange--Peace of Nimeguen.
CHAPTER XX
FROM THE PEACE OF NIMEGUEN TO THE PEACE OF
UTRECHT
A.D. 1678--1713
State of Europe subsequently to the Peace of Nimeguen--Arrogant
Conduct of Louis XIV.--Truce for Twenty Years--Death of Charles II.
of England--League of Augsburg--The Conduct of William--He
invades England--James II. Deposed--William III. proclaimed King of
England--King William puts himself at the Head of the Confederacy
against Louis XIV., and enters on the War--Military Operations--Peace
of Ryswyk--Death of Charles II. of Spain--War of Succession--Death
of William III.--His Character--Duke of Marlborough--Prince
Eugene--Successes of the Earl of Peterborough in Spain and

Portugal--Louis XIV. solicits Peace--Conferences for Peace--Peace of
Utrecht--Treaty of the Barrier.
CHAPTER XXI
FROM THE PEACE OF UTRECHT TO THE INCORPORATION OF
BELGIUM WITH THE FRENCH REPUBLIC
A.D. 1713--1794
Quadruple Alliance--General Peace of Europe--Wise Conduct of the
Republic--Great Danger from the bad State of the Dikes--Death of the
Emperor Charles VI.--Maria Theresa Empress--Her heroic
Conduct--Battle of Dettingen--Louis XV. invades the
Netherlands--Conferences for Peace at Breda--Battle of
Fontenoy--William IV. Stadtholder and Captain-General--Peace of
Aix-la-Chapelle--Death of the Stadtholder, who is succeeded by his
Son William V.--War of Seven Years--State of the Republic--William
V. Stadtholder--Dismemberment of Poland--Joseph II. Emperor--His
attempted Reforms in Religion--War with England--Sea-Fight on the
Doggerbank--Peace with England, 1784--Progress of Public Opinion in
Europe, in Belgium, and Holland--Violent Opposition to the
Stadtholder--Arrest of the Princess of Orange--Invasion of Holland by
the Prussian Army--Agitation in Belgium--Vander Noot--Prince Albert
of Saxe-Teschen and the Archduchess Maria Theresa joint
Governors-General--Succeeded by Count Murray--Riots--Meetings of
the Provisional States--General Insurrection--Vonckists--Vander
Mersch--Takes the Command of the Insurgents--His Skilful
Conduct--He gains the Battle of Turnhout--Takes Possession of
Flanders--Confederation of the Belgian Provinces--Death of Joseph
II.--Leopold Emperor--Arrest of Vander Mersch--Arrogance of the
States-General of Belgium--The Austrians overrun the
Country--Convention at The Hague--Death of Leopold--Battle of
Jemmappes--General Dumouriez--Conquest of Belgium by the
French--Recovered by the Austrians--The Archduke Charles
Governor-General--War in the Netherlands--Duke of York--The
Emperor Francis--The Battle of Fleurus--Incorporation of Belgium

with the French Republic--Peace of Leoben--Treaty of Campo-Formio.
CHAPTER XXII
FROM THE INVASION OF HOLLAND BY THE FRENCH TO THE
RETURN OF THE PRINCE OF ORANGE
A.D. 1794--1818
Pichegru invades Holland--Winter Campaign--The Duke