Gold, Sport, and Coffee Planting in Mysore | Page 6

desirable shade trees.
_Albizzia Moluccana._ Said to be a valuable tree for shade.
Methods adopted when forming a shaded plantation.
Great advantages of clearing without burning the forest.
The order in which shade trees should be planted.
The young shade trees require shade. The charcoal tree a good nurse.
The management of young shade trees.
The evils arising from excessive trimming of side branches of shade trees. Planting under the shade of the original forest trees.
The value of leaving marginal belts of forest. The danger of a running fire.
The quantity of shade required for varying aspects and gradients.
The great differences between northern and southern aspects as regards heat.
Western and eastern aspects.
Importance of attending to the gradients, the quality of the soil, and its exposure to drying winds.
Elevation and rainfall govern quantity of shade that should be kept. The thinning, and lopping lower boughs of shade trees.
Much knowledge and experience required in judicious thinning.
More shade will be required as trees become lofty.
Importance of at once planting up spots where shade is deficient, in order to keep out the Borer insect.
Planting out young shade trees. The removal of parasites from shade trees.
Preparation of shade tree cuttings before planting out. How to grow young charcoal-tree plants. Valuable as nurses.

CHAPTER XII.
--MANURE.
How shade complicates the economical and effective manuring of coffee.
Bulk manures as a rule should not be applied to land directly under shade trees, but to more open spaces.
Less manure should be applied to coffee directly under shade trees.
Manure should be varied on different aspects. The quantity that should be annually supplied.
Bones may be seldom used if lime is regularly applied.
A considerable amount of manure required even though the loss from crops is small.
A test of land being sufficiently supplied with manure. The quantity of manure probably required.
The quantity of manure that should be put down at a time.
Danger from over-manuring, especially in ease of light soils.
Ridges should be more heavily manured than hollows. The time of year when manures should be applied.
Advantages of manuring at the end of the monsoon.
Bearing that the time of applying manures has on leaf disease. Mr. Marshall Ward's remarks as to this.
The various methods of applying manures.
In the case of steep land the manure should be buried in trenches. Farmyard manure. Its great value for coffee.
Substitutes for farmyard manure.
Value of forest land top soil as a manure, and as a substitute for farmyard manure.
The comparative cost of farmyard manure and top soil. Remarkable result from an application of pink-coloured soil.
If top soil costs the same as farmyard manure the former is better. Reasons for this being so. A compost of pink soil and manures may be made, which will equal good farmyard manure, and cost but little more.
The manurial value of pulp, and of dry fallen leaves.
Manurial value of green twigs of trees, ferns and wood ashes.
Night soil. Lime.
Bonedust. Fish manure.
Oil-cakes. Proportion of phosphate of lime in castor cake.
Nitrates of potash and soda.
Potash. A manure of doubtful value in the case of Mysore soils.
Attempt to ascertain value of potash as a manure for coffee.
How to grow young plants in old soils. Coprolites, discovery of, in Mysore.
An agricultural chemist wanted for the province. A careful record should be kept of manure applied.
Bringing round a neglected plantation. Steps that should be taken.
Manurial experiments.
Native manurial practises should be studied. Application of various soils as top dressing by native cultivators. The best and most economical way of manuring coffee has yet to be discovered.
Manurial experiments need not be costly.

CHAPTER XIII.
--NURSERIES, TOPPING, HANDLING, PRUNING, ETC.
The selection of seed.
Irrigated coffee near Bangalore. Mr. Meenakshia's gardens. The selection of a site for a nursery.
The best time for putting down the seed.
Plants should be grown in baskets. The pits for vacancy plants.
Topping. The best heights for.
The time when trees should be topped.
Handling and the removal of suckers. Its importance as regards rot and leaf disease.
Pruning.
Management of pruning, with reference to rot and leaf disease.
The removal of moss and rubbing down the trees. The cultivation of the soil.
Difficulties connected with the proper cultivation of the soil.
The best tools for digging. Renovation pits.
Renovation pits valuable as water-holes. Their value in connection with water conservation.

CHAPTER XIV.
--THE DISEASES OF COFFEE.
Leaf disease, or attacks of _Hemele?a Vastatrix_.
Mr. Marshall Ward's report on leaf disease in Ceylon. Leaf disease probably always existed in Mysore. Said to have caused much loss on some estates.
Losses of leaves from other causes commonly attributed to leaf disease. No reason to fear it if land is well cultivated, manured, and shaded. Evidence that shade can control leaf disease.
Bad kinds of shade trees cannot control, but increase leaf disease.
Conditions under which leaf disease is liable to occur in the cases of good soil under good shade trees.
The importance of manure and cultivation with reference to leaf disease. Mr. Graham Anderson's, Mr. Marshall Ward's and Mr. Brooke Mockett's opinions. The Coorg plant not so liable to be