France and the Republic | Page 5

cahiers of the Tiers-Etat--Respect for
vested interests--A visit to St.-Amand--The conspiracy of
Dumouriez--Ruin of a magnificent abbey--A beautiful
belfry--Interesting pictures by Watteau--Co-operation at Anzin--What
its advantages are to the workmen--Eight per cent. dividends to the
members in 1866, and an average during 23 years to 1889 of 11-80/100
per cent.--How the workmen and their families live--Table of articles
purchased--Attendance upon the schools--Influence of women and
families--Increase of juvenile crime under irreligious education in
France and the United States--Louis Napoleon's National Retiring Fund
for Old Age--Regulations of the Anzin Council affecting this
fund--Average expenditure of the Anzin company for the benefit of
workmen 'fifty centimes for every ton of coal extracted'--The
Decazeville strikes in 1888--They begin with the murder of one of the
best engineers and end with a workman's banquet to the
engineer-in-chief 259-331
CHAPTER XII
IN THE NORD--(continued)
Lille--The Flamand flamingant--Pertinacity of the Flemish tongue--A
historic city without monuments--Old customs and traditions--The
Musée Wicar--The unique wax bust--A 'pious foundation' of art, and M.

Carolus Duran--Excellent educational institutions of Le Nord--A land
flowing with beer--Increase of the factory populations--Decrease of
drunkenness in the cities--Increase in the rural districts--Special
cabarets for women--Should women smoke?--Flemish cock-fighting
and the example of England--A model Republican prefect--Juvenile
prostitution--The souls of the people and their votes--Danton's system
of uneducated judges--Dislike of good people to politics--A pessimist
rebuked--The Monarchist majorities in Lille--Inaccurate representation
of the people in the Chamber--Hazebrouck and its Dutch gardens--The
Republic hated for its extravagance--Relative strength of Republican
and Monarchical majorities--Elections conducted under secret
instructions--Cutting down majorities--The case of M. Leroy-Beaulieu
in the Hérault--Keeping out dangerous economists--Ballot 'stuffing' in
France and the United States--The methods of Robespierre
readopted--Systematic 'invalidation' of elections--The people must not
choose the wrong men--Boulanger and Joffrin--'Tactical necessities' in
politics--The delusion of universal suffrage--An Austrian view of the
elective and hereditary principles--Energy of the Catholics in
North-eastern France--Father Damien--Public charity--Hereditary
mendicants in French Flanders--Dogs and douaniers--The division of
communes--Foundling hospitals and the struggle for life--Mutual Aid
Societies--Is woman a 'Clubbable' animal?--M. Welche and the
agricultural syndicates--'Les Prévoyants de l'Avenir,' a phenomenal
success--It begins in 1882 with 757 members and 6,237 francs; in 1889
it numbers 59,932 members, with a capital of 1,541,868 francs--The
Franco-German war and the religious sentiment--The great Catholic
University--Private contributions of 11,000,000 francs--The scientific
and medical schools--M. Ferry and the free universities--Catholic
education in France and the United States--The case of Girard
College--The dangers of the French system--The monopoly of the
University of France--Liberal outlay of the Catholics of Paris--A
mediæval Catholic merchant--'The work of God' in a business
partnership--Mutual assistance in the Lille factories--Model houses at
Roubaix--A true Mont-de-Piété--The Masurel fund of 1607--Loans
without interest--A prosperous charity plundered by the Republic--A
benevolent fund of 455,454 francs in 1789 reduced to 10,408 francs in
1803--The fund restored under the Monarchy and Second Empire--The

'King William's Fund' of the Netherlanders in London--Count de
Bylandt and Sir Polydore de Keyser 332-368
CHAPTER XIII
IN THE MARNE
Reims--The capital of the French kings--Clotilde and Clovis, Jeanne
d'Arc and Urban II.--Vineyards and factories--The wines of
Champagne known and unknown--The red wine of Bouzy--Mr.
Canning and still Champagne--The syndication of famous brands--A
visit to the cardinal archbishop--Employers and employed--The
Catholic workmen's clubs and the Christian corporations--M. Léon
Harmel--The religious education of a factory--How the workmen
Christianised themselves--The conversion of a wife by a gown--The
local authorities discouraging religion--'Planting Christians like
vines'--'The Rights of Man' and capital and labour--Mediæval and
modern methods compared--Capital and universal suffrage--Money in
the first Revolution--Le Pelletier, the millionaire, and the mobs of the
Palais Royal--The dramatic justice of a murder--Unwritten chapters of
revolutionary history--The duty of employers--'The Masters'
Catechism'--The invasion of 1870 and the Christian
corporations--Modern syndications and the ancient
maîtrise--Professional syndicates and professional strikes--Good out of
evil--The working men and the upper classes--Count Albert de Mun--A
popular vote against universal suffrage--The Holy See and the Catholic
labour movement in France--The parochial clergy and the laymen--The
Wesleyans and the Catholics--Privileged purveyors--The financial
aspect of the Catholic corporations--A revival of the old guilds--The
national system of the corporations--Provincial and general
assemblies--The German Cultur-Kampf and the French Catholic
clubs--The Republican attack on religion--Religious freedom and
freedom from religion--The State church of unbelief--The 'moral unity'
men--Napoleon and Guizot--The Jacobins of 1792 and 1879--Moral
unity under Louis XIV.--Alva and M. Jules Ferry--A chapter of the
Revolution at Reims--Mr. Carlyle's little 'murder of about eight
persons'--The political influence of massacres--The 'days of September'

and the elections to the Convention--How they chose Jacobin deputies
at Reims--The documentary story of the eight murders--Mayors under
the Republic--The defence of Lille--How the Republic voted a
monument and Louis Philippe built it--Desecration of a great
cathedral--The legend of Ruhl and the sacred ampulla--The demolition
of St.-Nicaise and the bargain of Santerre--How Napoleon disciplined
the Faubourg St.-Antoine--Is the Cathedral of Reims in danger?--Its
restoration under the cardinal archbishop--The budget of public
worship--Expenses of