Expansion and Conflict | Page 2

a way which, it seems to the author, should help the reader to a better understanding of things than would be possible by the simple narrative.
For permission to use the maps on pages 291, 313, and 327 the author expresses his thanks to the publishers of The Encyclopedia Americana.
In this connection cordial thanks are extended to Professor J. F. Jameson and Dr. C. O. Paullin, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, for the privilege of using the data which they collected on the election of 1828 and the vote in Congress on the Tariff of 1832. Likewise Mr. P. L. Phillips, of the Division of Maps of the Library of Congress, has given the author much assistance. Nor must I fail to say that many of my students have rendered practical aid in working out the details of several of the maps. Mr. Edward J. Woodhouse, of Yale University, very kindly read all the proof and prepared the index. And Professors A. C. McLaughlin and M. W. Jernegan, of the University of Chicago; Allen Johnson, of Yale; Carl Becker, of Kansas; and Frederic L. Paxson, of Wisconsin, have all given counsel and criticism on certain chapters which have been of great practical benefit.
But in making these acknowledgments for assistance rendered, it is not intended to shift to other shoulders any of the responsibility for statements or manner of treatment which may arouse criticism. The book is intended to be helpful, interpretative, and beyond any sectional bias. If the author has not been successful, it is not the fault of others, nor because of any sparing of personal efforts.
William E. Dodd.

CONTENTS
I. Andrew Jackson 1
II. The West 20
III. The East 39
IV. Conflict and Compromise 58
V. The Triumph of Jackson 77
VI. Distress and Reaction 96
VII. The Militant South 114
VIII. War and Conquest 147
IX. The Abolitionists 161
X. Prosperity 184
XI. American Culture 208
XII. Stephen A. Douglas 231
XIII. Abraham Lincoln 251
XIV. The Appeal to Arms 268
XV. One Nation or Two? 289
XVI. The Collapse of the Confederacy 309
Index i

MAPS
The Presidential Election of 1828 between 18 and 19
Distribution of Indians and Location of Indian Lands and Unorganized Territory of the United States or the States 26
The Distribution of Industrial Plants in 1833 49
The Vote in the House of Representatives on the Tariff of 1832 in Eastern and Western States between 66 and 67
Growth of the West and Removal of Indians from Cotton, Tobacco, and First Western Grain Belts 88
The Presidential Election of 1836 between 92 and 93
Tobacco Areas in 1840 133
Cotton Areas in 1840 134
Wheat Areas in 1840 139
The Presidential Election of 1844 between 148 and 149
Annexations of 1845-53 159
Location of Abolition Societies in 1847 169
The Presidential Election of 1852 between 180 and 181
The Industrial Belt of 1860 188
Railroads in Operation, 1850 190
Railroads in Operation, 1860 191
The Black Belt of 1860 193
The Cotton Belt of 1860 196
Tobacco Areas in 1860 197
Wheat Areas in 1860 200
The Presidential Election of 1860 between 264 and 265
Conflicting Sectional Interests, 1850-60 237
One Nation or Two? 291
The Confederacy in 1863 313
Regions which surrendered with Lee and Johnston, April, 1865 327
EXPANSION AND CONFLICT
CHAPTER I
ANDREW JACKSON
"Let the people rule"--such was the reply that Andrew Jackson made to the coalition of Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams which made the latter President. And Andrew Jackson was an interesting man in 1825. He was to be the leader of the great party of the West which was forming for the overthrow of the old political and social order. Born in a cabin on the southern frontier in 1767 and reared in the midst of poverty during the "hard times" of the Revolution, Jackson had had little opportunity to acquire the education and polish which so distinguished the leaders of the old Jeffersonian party. After a season of teaching school and studying law in Salisbury, North Carolina, he emigrated, in 1788, to Tennessee, where he soon became a successful attorney, and a few years later a United States Senator. But public life in Philadelphia proved as unattractive as school-teaching had been; he returned to the frontier life of his adopted State and was speedily made a judge, and as such he sometimes led posses to enforce his decrees. During the second war with England he made a brilliant campaign against the Creek Indians, who had sided with the British, and gained the reputation of being the mortal enemy of the aborigines, a reputation which added greatly to his popularity in a community which believed that the "only good Indian is a dead Indian."
At the close of the war, when most men were expecting news that the British had conquered the lower Mississippi Valley and that the Union was breaking to pieces, he proved to be the one American general who could "whip the troops who had beaten Napoleon." The battle of New Orleans made Jackson an international character, and