Evolution in Modern Thought | Page 9

the stage of verification, and the first convincing verification was Darwin's; from being an a priori anticipation it has become an interpretation of nature, and Darwin is still the chief interpreter; from being a modal interpretation it has advanced to the rank of a causal theory, the most convincing part of which men will never cease to call Darwinism.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 1: Columbia University Biological Series, Vol. I. New York and London, 1894. We must acknowledge our great indebtedness to this fine piece of work.]
[Footnote 2: op. cit. p. 41.]
[Footnote 3: See G. J. Romanes, "Aristotle as a Naturalist," Contemporary Review, Vol. lix. p. 275, 1891; G. Pouchet, La Biologie Aristot��lique, Paris, 1885; E. Zeller, A History of Greek Philosophy, London, 1881, and "Ueber die griechischen Vorg?nger Darwin's," Abhandl. Berlin Akad. 1878, pp. 111-124.]
[Footnote 4: op. cit. p. 81.]
[Footnote 5: op. cit. p. 87.]
[Footnote 6: See Brock, "Die Stellung Kant's zur Deszendenztheorie," Biol. Centralbl. viii. 1889, pp. 641-648. Fritz Schultze, Kant und Darwin, Jena, 1875.]
[Footnote 7: Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace writes: "We claim for Darwin that he is the Newton of natural history, and that, just so surely as that the discovery and demonstration by Newton of the law of gravitation established order in place of chaos and laid a sure foundation for all future study of the starry heavens, so surely has Darwin, by his discovery of the law of natural selection and his demonstration of the great principle of the preservation of useful variations in the struggle for life, not only thrown a flood of light on the process of development of the whole organic world, but also established a firm foundation for all future study of nature" (Darwinism, London, 1889, p. 9). See also Prof. Karl Pearson's Grammar of Science (2nd edit.), London, 1900, p. 32. See Osborn, op. cit. p. 100.]
[Footnote 8: Experimental Evolution. London, 1892. Chap. I. p. 14.]
[Footnote 9: See J. Arthur Thomson, The Science of Life. London, 1899, Chap. XVI. "Evolution of Evolution Theory."]
[Footnote 10: See Carus Sterne (Ernst Krause), Die allgemeine Weltanschauung in ihrer historischen Entwickelung. Stuttgart, 1889.
Chapter entitled
"Best?ndigkeit oder Ver?nderlichkeit der Naturwesen."]
[Footnote 11: Zoonomia, or the Laws of Organic Life, 2 vols. London, 1794; Osborn, op. cit. p. 145.]
[Footnote 12: See Alpheus S. Packard, Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution, His Life and Work, with Translations of his writings on Organic Evolution. London, 1901.]
[Footnote 13: See Edward Clodd, Pioneers of Evolution, London, p. 161, 1897.]
[Footnote 14: See Chapter ix. "The Genetic View of Nature" in J. T. Merz's History of European Thought in the Nineteenth Century, Vol. 2, Edinburgh and London, 1903.]
[Footnote 15: See Prof. W. A. Locy's Biology and its Makers. New York, 1908. Part II. "The Doctrine of Organic Evolution."]
[Footnote 16: Presidential Address to the British Association meeting at Dublin in 1908.]
[Footnote 17: See in particular Samuel Butler, Evolution Old and New, London, 1879; J. L. de Lanessan, "Buffon et Darwin," Revue Scientifique, XLIII. pp. 385-391, 425-432, 1889.]
[Footnote 18: op. cit. p. 136.]
[Footnote 19: See Ernest Krause and Charles Darwin, Erasmus Darwin, London, 1879.]
[Footnote 20: Osborn, op. cit. p. 142.]
[Footnote 21: See E. Perrier, La Philosophie Zoologique avant Darwin, Paris, 1884; A. de Quatrefages, Darwin et ses Pr��curseurs Fran?ais, Paris, 1870; Packard, op. cit.; also Claus, Lamarck als Begr��nder der Descendenzlehre, Wien, 1888; Haeckel, Natural History of Creation, Eng. transl. London, 1879; Lang, Zur Charakteristik der Forschungswege von Lamarck und Darwin, Jena, 1889.]
[Footnote 22: See Huxley's article "Evolution in Biology," Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th edit.), 1879, pp. 744-751, and Sully's article, "Evolution in Philosophy," ibid. pp. 751-772.]
[Footnote 23: See Haeckel, Die Naturanschauung von Darwin, Goethe und Lamarck, Jena, 1882.]
[Footnote 24: Origin of Species (6th edit.), p. xvii.]
[Footnote 25: The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Vol. 1. p. 83. London, 1887.]
[Footnote 26: A. R. Wallace, My Life, a Record of Events and Opinions, London, 1905, Vol. 1, p. 232.]
[Footnote 27: My Life, Vol. 1. p. 361.]
[Footnote 28: P. Geddes. article "Biology." Chambers's Encyclopaedia.]
[Footnote 29: Origin of Species (6th edit.), p. xv.]
[Footnote 30: Life and Letters, II, p. 301.]
[Footnote 31: Science Progress, New Series, Vol. 1. 1897. "A Remarkable Anticipation of Modern Views on Evolution." See also Chap. VI. in Essays on Evolution, Oxford, 1908.]
[Footnote 32: See Prof. Patrick Geddes's article "Variation and Selection," Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th edit.) 1888.]

II
THE SELECTION THEORY
BY AUGUST WEISMANN
Professor of Zoology in the University of Freiburg (Baden)
I. THE IDEA OF SELECTION
Many and diverse were the discoveries made by Charles Darwin in the course of a long and strenuous life, but none of them has had so far-reaching an influence on the science and thought of his time as the theory of selection. I do not believe that the theory of evolution would have made its way so easily and so quickly after Darwin took up the cudgels in favour of it if he had not been able to support it