Diego Collados Grammar of the Japanese Language | Page 5

------------------------------------------------------------------------- /au/ qió
guió xó jó chó gió - (fió)(bió) - mió (rió) quó guó /uu/ (qiú)(guiú)(xú)
jú (chú) giú nhú - - - - (riú) - - /ou/ qiô (guiô) xô jô chô giô nhô fiô (biô)
piô (miô) (riô) - - gueô geô neô beô reô
In this chart the phonemic grid is presented in a broad phonetic {8}
notation while the underlined entries are in the form used by the text.
Dashes indicate sequences which do not occur in the Christian material;
while the forms in parentheses are sequences which do not occur in the
text but have been reconstructed on the basis of the overall system from

sequences attested to elsewhere. The forms ie, vo, vó, and vô have been
placed in brackets to indicate that neither /e/, /o/, /oo/, or /au/ occur in
the syllable initial position; and, where in the modern language they do,
the text regularly spells that with an initial i or v. The forms in eô at the
foot of the chart represent sequences that are phonetically identical to
the forms above them, but which are transcribed differently to reflect
morphological considerations; e.g., the form agueô from the stem ague.
The phonetic values of /au/, /uu/, and /ou/ are [[IPA: Open-mid back
rounded vowel]:], [u:], and [o:].
Two aspects of the usage of q should be noticed. First, as in the Arte, c
is changed to q before o and u, when the sequence occurs at a
morphological juncture; e.g., ioqu 'well,' and iqó 'I shall go.' (This rule
does not extend to a in such contexts; cf., iocatta 'was good.') Second,
in contrast to the system used by Rodriguez, Collado does not feel
compelled to follow q with u in all contexts. Thus what Rodriguez
spells as queredomo Collado spells as qeredomo. Finally, the text
records one usage of the letter h in the exclamation ha.
The Morphological System
Collado's treatment of the morphology contains one quite obvious
difference from those of his predecessors: he isolates the particles of
the language as separate elements of the structure. While his effort is
more or less carelessly maintained by the type setter, his attempt to
establish a division between the semantemes (shi) and the morphemes
(ji) of Japanese by establishing formal distance between his verba and
particula, reflects his consciousness that the morphological elements in
Japanese are of a different order than those in Latin. At times, such as
when he describes the preterit subjunctive as agueta raba, his divisions
fly in the face of derivational history. But he can claim a reasonable
justification for his decision by citing Rodriguez' rule for the formation
of this form; "add raba to the preterit of the verb" (Arte, 18v). Perhaps
it is a prejudice founded upon familiarity with {9} contemporary
romanizations, but I cannot help but consider this attempt to give
greater independence to the particles as an improvement in the
representation of the morphological system.

In all other significant facets of the morphology Collado follows the
principles established by Rodriguez with the one exception that in the
over-all systematization of the verbal formation and conjugation he
follows the classifications established in Lebrija's Introductiones rather
than those which Rodriguez inherited from the Institutiones of Alverez.
The most significant difference between the two systems is the use by
Lebrija of the term subjunctive in his description of the moods where
Rodriguez gives independent status to the conjunctive, conditional,
concessive, and potential. As we shall see, after presenting the
conjugational system of the verb within the framework of Lebrija,
Collado breaks the expected sequence of his description of the verb to
interject a section on conditional constructions and another on those of
the potential.
In the treatment of the tenses Collado breaks with Rodriguez in not
attempting to establish an imperfect for Japanese, but he does follow
him in the overall classification of the conjugations. Thus:[9]
1st Conjugation verbs ending in e, gi, and e.g., ague, uru ji (xi and
maraxi) 2nd Conjugation verbs ending in i e.g., iomi, u 3rd
Conjugation verbs ending in ai, oi, and e.g., narai, ó ui
To the description of this general system Collado adds the treatment of
the substantive verbs. This section in many respects is the weakest in
his grammar with a portion of his description lost in composing the
final text.
Since Collado does not, as Rodriguez, present the conjugations in
paradigmatic form, I have extracted from his presentation the most
representative forms of the verb ague, uru for each of the categories of
the system, and presented them in Chart 2 for reference.
CHART 2
THE CONJUGATIONAL SYSTEM
Affirmative Negative

INDICATIVE MOOD
Present aguru aguenu Perfect agueta aguenanda {10} Pluperfect aguete
atta aguenande atta Future agueôzu aguru mai Future perfect aguete
ar[vo]zu ----
IMPERATIVE MOOD
Present ague io aguru