Dialogues of the Dead | Page 6

of peace and tranquillity, when they
can he obtained without injury or dishonour; to make them frugal, and
hardy, and masculine in the temper of their bodies and minds, that they
may be the fitter for war whenever it does come upon them; but, above
all, to watch diligently over their morals, and discourage whatever may
defile or corrupt them--is the great business of government, and ought
to be in all circumstances the principal object of a wise legislature.
Unquestionably that is the happiest country which has most virtue in it;
and to the eye of sober reason the poorest Swiss canton is a much
nobler state than the kingdom of France, if it has more liberty, better
morals, a more settled tranquillity, more moderation in prosperity, and
more firmness in danger.
Plato.--Your notions are just, and if your country rejects them she will
not long hold the rank of the first nation in Europe. Her declension is
begun, her ruin approaches; for, omitting all other arguments, can a
state be well served when the raising of an opulent fortune in its service,
and making a splendid use of that fortune, is a distinction more envied
than any which arises from integrity in office or public spirit in
government? Can that spirit, which is the parent of national greatness,
continue vigorous and diffusive where the desire of wealth, for the sake

of a luxury which wealth alone can support, and an ambition aspiring,
not to glory, but to profit, are the predominant passions? If it exists in a
king or a minister of state, how will either of them find among a people
so disposed the necessary instruments to execute his great designs; or,
rather, what obstruction will he not find from the continual opposition
of private interest to public? But if, on the contrary, a court inclines to
tyranny, what a facility will be given by these dispositions to that evil
purpose? How will men with minds relaxed by the enervating ease and
softness of luxury have vigour to oppose it? Will not most of them lean
to servitude, as their natural state, as that in which the extravagant and
insatiable cravings of their artificial wants may best be gratified at the
charge of a bountiful master or by the spoils of an enslaved and ruined
people? When all sense of public virtue is thus destroyed, will not fraud,
corruption, and avarice, or the opposite workings of court factions to
bring disgrace on each other, ruin armies and fleets without the help of
an enemy, and give up the independence of the nation to foreigners,
after having betrayed its liberties to a king? All these mischiefs you
saw attendant on that luxury, which some modern philosophers account
(as I am informed) the highest good to a state! Time will show that
their doctrines are pernicious to society, pernicious to government; and
that yours, tempered and moderated so as to render them more
practicable in the present circumstances of your country, are wise,
salutary, and deserving of the general thanks of mankind. But lest you
should think, from the praise I have given you, that flattery can find a
place in Elysium, allow me to lament, with the tender sorrow of a
friend, that a man so superior to all other follies could give into the
reveries of a Madame Guyon, a distracted enthusiast. How strange was
it to see the two great lights of France, you and the Bishop of Meaux,
engaged in a controversy whether a madwoman was a heretic or a
saint!
Fenelon.--I confess my own weakness, and the ridiculousness of the
dispute; but did not your warm imagination carry you also into some
reveries about divine love, in which you talked unintelligibly, even to
yourself?
Plato.--I felt something more than I was able to express.

Fenelon.--I had my feelings too, as fine and as lively as yours; but we
should both have done better to have avoided those subjects in which
sentiment took the place of reason.

DIALOGUE IV.
MR. ADDISON--DR. SWIFT.
Dr. Swift.--Surely, Addison, Fortune was exceedingly inclined to play
the fool (a humour her ladyship, as well as most other ladies of very
great quality, is frequently in) when she made you a minister of state
and me a divine!
Addison.--I must confess we were both of us out of our elements; but
you don't mean to insinuate that all would have been right if our
destinies had been reversed?
Swift.--Yes, I do. You would have made an excellent bishop, and I
should have governed Great Britain, as I did Ireland, with an absolute
sway, while I talked of nothing but liberty, property, and so forth.
Addison.--You governed the mob of Ireland; but I never understood
that you governed the kingdom. A nation and a