Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection | Page 3

variations of colour.
196 Additional genus of birds (Ceycopsis) peculiar to Celebes.
199, 200. Concluding remarks.
VI.--The Philosophy of Birds' Nests.
218 On nesting of Terns and Gulls, rewritten.
220 to 222. Daines Barrington, and others, on the song of birds.
223 On young birds learning to build, by memory and imitation.
224 Levaillant, on mode of nest-building.
229 On imperfect adaptation in birds' nests.
VII.--A Theory of Birds' Nests.
231, 232. Introductory passages modified, with some omissions.
233 How modifications of organization would affect the form of the nest.
235 Illustration from the habits of children and savages.
235, 236. Objection to term "hereditary habit" answered.
237 Passage rewritten, on more or less variable characters in relation to nidification.
248 On males choosing or rejecting females, and on the various modes in which colour may be acquired by female birds.
249 On probable ancestral colours of female birds.
255 Protective colouring of the Waxwing.
VIII.--Creation by Law.
293 Amount of variation in dogs.
296, 297. The "Times" on Natural Selection.
298 to 300. On intermediate or generalized forms of extinct animals as an indication of transmutation or development.
302 Tabular demonstration of the Origin of Species by Natural Selection.
IX.--The development of Human Races, under the law of Natural Selection.
316 On colour as perhaps correlated with immunity from disease in man.
326, 327. On the probable future development of man.
330 Concluding paragraph rewritten.
London, March, 1870.

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
The flattering reception of my Essays by the public and the press having led to a second edition being called for within a year of its first publication, I have taken the opportunity to make a few necessary corrections. I have also added a few passages to the 6th and 7th Essays, and have given two notes, explanatory of some portions of the last chapter which appear to have been not always understood. These additions are as follows:--
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | To avoid altering the paging the additional pages now given have | | been lettered. | +---------+---------+-----------------------------------------------+ | 1st Ed. | 2nd Ed. | | +---------+---------+ | | 221 | 221 | Additional facts as to birds acquiring | | | | the song of other species. | | | | | | 223 | 223A } | Mr. Spruce's remarks on young birds | | | 223B } | pairing with old. | | | | | | 228 | 228A } | Pouchet's observations on a change | | | 228B } | in the nests of swallows. | | | | | | 229 | -- | Passage omitted about nest of Golden | | | | Crested Warbler, which had been | | | | inserted on Rennie's authority, but | | | | has not been confirmed by any later | | | | observers. | | | | | | 261 | 261 | Daines Barrington, on importance of | | | | protection to the female bird. | | | | | | | 372 | Note A. | | | | | | | 372B | Note B. | +---------+---------+-----------------------------------------------+

CONTENTS.
I.--On the Law which has regulated the introduction of New Species. Pp. 1-25
Geographical distribution dependent on Geologic Changes
A Law deduced from well-known Geographical and Geological facts
The form of a true system of Classification determined by this Law
Geographical Distribution of Organisms
Geological Distribution of the forms of Life
High Organization of very ancient Animals consistent with this Law
Objections to Forbes' Theory of Polarity
Rudimentary Organs
Conclusion
II.--On the Tendency of Varieties to depart indefinitely from the Original Type. Pp. 26-44
Instability of Varieties supposed to prove the permanent distinctness of Species
The Struggle for Existence
The Law of Population of Species
The Abundance or Rarity of a Species dependent upon its more or less perfect Adaptation to the Conditions of Existence
Useful Variations will tend to Increase, useless or hurtful Variations to Diminish
Superior Varieties will ultimately extirpate the Original Species
The Partial Reversion of Domesticated Varieties explained
Lamarck's Hypothesis very different from that now advanced
Conclusion
III.--Mimicry, and other Protective Resemblances among Animals. Pp. 45-129
Test of true and false Theories
Importance of the Principle of Utility
Popular Theories of Colour in Animals
Importance of Concealment as influencing Colour
Special modifications of Colour
Theory of Protective Colouring
Objection that Colour as being dangerous should not exist in Nature
Mimicry
Mimicry among Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera mimicking other Insects
Mimicry among Beetles
Beetles mimicking other Insects
Insects mimicking Species of other Orders
Cases of Mimicry among the Vertebrata
Mimicry among Snakes
Mimicry among Birds
Mimicry among Mammals
Objections to Mr. Bates' Theory of Mimicry
Mimicry by Female Insects only
Cause of the dull Colours of Female Birds
Use of the gaudy Colours of many Caterpillars
Summary
General deductions as to Colour in Nature
Conclusion
IV.--The Malayan Papilionid?, or Swallow-tailed Butterflies, as illustrative of the Theory of Natural Selection. Pp. 130-200
Special value of the Diurnal Lepidoptera for inquiries of this Nature
Question of the rank of the Papilionid?
Distribution of the Papilionid?
Definition of the word Species
Laws and Modes of Variation
Simple Variability
Polymorphism or Dimorphism
Local form or variety
Co-existing Variety
Race or Subspecies
Species
Variation as specially influenced by Locality
Local Variation of Size
Local Variation of Form
Local Variations of Colour
Remarks on the