Cliges: A Romance | Page 4

power--"An Ate, stirring him [King
John] to blood and strife."
The twelfth century was an age in which women had full scope--in which the Empress
Maud herself took the field against her foe, in which Stephen's queen seized a fortress, in
which a wife could move her husband to war or to peace, in which a Marie of
Champagne (Eleanor's daughter) could set the tone of great poets and choose their
subjects.
If, then, this woman-worship, this complexity of love, this self-debating, first comes into
literature with Chretien de Troyes, and is still with us, no more interesting work exists
than his earliest masterpiece, Cliges. The delicate and reticent Soredamors; the courteous
and lovable, Guinevere; the proud and passionate Fenice, who will not sacrifice her fair
fame and chastity; the sorceress Thessala, ancestress of Juliet's nurse--these form a
gallery of portraits unprecedented in literature.
The translator takes this opportunity of thanking Mr. B. J. Hayes, M.A., of St. John's

College, Cambridge, for occasional help, and also for kindly reading the proofs.
CLIGES
THE clerk who wrote the tale of Erec and Enid, and translated the Commandments of
Ovid and the Art of Love, and composed the Bite of the Shoulder, and sang of King Mark
and of the blonde Iseult, and of the metamorphosis of the Hoopoe and of the Swallow and
of the Nightingale, is now beginning a new tale of a youth who was in Greece of the
lineage of King Arthur. But before I tell you anything of him, you shall hear his father's
life--whence he was and of what lineage. So valiant was he and of such proud spirit, that
to win worth and praise he went from Greece to England, which was then called Britain.
We find this story that I desire to tell and to relate to you, recorded in one of the books of
the library of my lord Saint Peter at Beauvais. Thence was taken the tale from which
Chretien framed this romance. The book, which truthfully bears witness to the story, is
very ancient; for this reason it is all the more to be believed. From the books which we
possess, we know the deeds of the ancients and of the world which aforetime was. This
our books have taught us: that Greece had the first renown in chivalry and in learning.
Then came chivalry to Rome, and the heyday of learning, which now is come into France.
God grant that she be maintained there; and that her home there please her so much that
never may depart from France the honour which has there taken up its abode. God had
lent that glory to others; but no man talks any longer either more or less about Greeks and
Romans; talk of them has ceased, and the bright glow is extinct.
Chretien begins his tale--as the story relates to us--which tells of an emperor mighty in
wealth and honour, who ruled Greece and Constantinople. There was a very noble
empress by whom the emperor had two children. But the first was of such an age before
the other was born, that if he had willed he might have become a knight and held all the
empire. The first was named Alexander; the younger was called Alis. The father too had
for name Alexander; and the mother had for name Tantalis. I will straight-away leave
speaking of the empress Tantalis, of the emperor, and of Alis. I will speak to you of
Alexander, who was so great-hearted and proud that he did not stoop to become a knight
in his own realm. He had heard mention made of King Arthur, who was reigning at that
time; and of the barons which he ever maintained in his retinue wherefore his Court was
feared and famed throughout the world. Howe'er the end may fall out for him , and
whate'er may come of it for the lad, there is nought that will hold him from his yearning
to go to Britain; but it is meet that he take leave of his father before he goes to Britain or
to Cornwall. Alexander the fair, the valiant, goes to speak to the emperor in order to ask
permission and to take his leave. Now will he tell him what is his vow, and what he
would fain do and take in hand. "Fair sire, that I may be schooled in honour and win
worth and renown, a boon," quoth he, "I venture to crave of you--a boon that I would
have you give me; never defer it now for me if you are destined to grant it." The emperor
had no thought of being vexed for that, either much or little; he is bound to desire and to
covet honour for his son above aught else. He