Capitals | Page 4

used in their ordinary significance of mere direction or location they are not capitalized except that in writing of Biblical history we speak of the Northern Kingdom and the Southern Kingdom into which Solomon's territory was split after his death.
16. Generic terms for political divisions.
a. When the term is part of the name and directly follows it.
Holy Roman Empire British Empire Northwest Territory Queen's County.
b. When it is used with the preposition of in such phrases as Borough of the Bronx, Department of the Gulf.
c. When part of a nickname, The Crescent City, the Buckeye State, the City of Brotherly Love.
Be careful not to capitalize such words when they are not an actual part of the name. French Republic is the name of the county, exactly translating Republique Francaise, but American republic is not such a name. You would write State of New York in a legal document in which the state would be considered as a corporate person, but in ordinary references it would be state of New York.
17. The days of the week and the months of the year, but not the seasons unless personified.
Monday the fifth of August. April is the first month of spring. Spring, beautiful Spring.
But write ten o'clock, nine a.m., ten p.m.
18. Festivals and historic or famous days.
Easter Day Fast Day Independence Day Black Friday.
19. Stars, planets, constellations, and the like, except sun, moon, stars, earth.
Mars, the Milky Way, the Pleiades.
20. Ordinal numbers used to designate numbered political divisions, sessions of Congress, names of regiments, Egyptian dynasties, and the like.
Second Congressional District, First Ward, Ninth Precinct, Forty-third Congress, Sixth Massachusetts Regiment, Fifth Dynasty.
21. Names of genera but not of species: except that in botanical and zo?logical copy the species may be capitalized if derived from a proper name.
Agaricus campestris Parkinsonia Torreyana Pterygomatopus schmidti, (Medical).
The English derivatives from these scientific words are not capitalized. We write of the agarics, the felids, the carnivores, etc.
22. Father, mother, and other words denoting relationship when used with a proper name or without a personal pronoun.
I saw Aunt Lucy and Cousin Charles. I saw my aunt Lucy and my cousin Charles. I have received a letter from my mother. I have received a letter from Mother.
23. Names of political parties and of philosophical, literary, and artistic schools, and their adherents.
Republican, National Liberal, Social Democrats, Stoics (but neo-Platonism, pseudo-Christianity, etc.) the Lake school, the Romantic movement, the Symbolic school of painters.
24. Political and historical designations which have been much used and have come to have special significances such as names of leagues, parties, classes, movements, and the like.
Holy Alliance, Dreibund, Roundheads, Independents, Reformation, Dissenter.
25. Names of well-known historic epochs, periods in the history of language, and geological ages and strata. The word "age" is not capitalized except when necessary to avoid ambiguity.
Stone age, Middle Ages, Age of Elizabeth, Crusades, Commune (of Paris), Middle English, Neolithic.
26. Names of important events.
Hundred Years War, Battle of Trenton, Louisiana Purchase, Norman Conquest.
27. Names of specific treaties, important laws, and the like.
Peace of Amiens, Edict of Nantes, Concordat, Emancipation Proclamation, Fourteenth Amendment.
28. Names of governmental bodies and departments and their branches when specifically designated.
Congress, the Senate, the Board of Aldermen, the House of Commons, the Committee on Education.
Care must be taken to distinguish between these specific references and general uses of the same word.
The state legislature of Massachusetts is officially termed the General Court. The matter was referred to the War Department but was sent back on the ground that it belonged to another department.
29. The official titles of corporations, organizations, and institutions, social, religious, educational, political, business, and the like.
Knights Templars, Knights of Columbus, Associated Charities, Cook County Normal School, Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad.
In long titles, like the last example given, the important words are capitalized as in book titles (see Sec. 31). Use capitals when referring to such organizations by initials, C.?R.?I. & P.?R.?R. Here again it must be remembered that the capitals are used in specific references only.
The Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor of the Third Congregational Church. The young people's societies connected with the Congregational churches do great good.
30. The names of conventions, congresses, expositions, etc.
Parliament of Religions, International Peace Congress, Panama-Pacific Exposition.
31. The first words, principal words, and last word in English tides of books and other publications; of their divisions (parts, chapters, cantos, etc.); of the topics of speeches, sermons, toasts, and the like; of pictures; of plays; of musical compositions, etc.
In long titles nouns and pronouns are capitalized always; verbs, participles, and adverbs usually; articles, prepositions and conjunctions never.
Standard Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases, Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, Paradise Lost, Measure for Measure, A New Way to Pay Old Debts, The Coronation of Charles VII at Rheims, the Moonlight