An Introduction to Chemical Science | Page 5

minimum, the author disclaims any
pretensions to a work entirely free from mistakes, holding himself
alone responsible for any shortcomings, and trusting to the leniency of
teachers and critics.
The manuscript has been read by Prof. Henry Carmichael, Ph.D., of
Boston, and to his broad and accurate scholarship, as well as to his
deep personal interest in the work, the author is indebted for much
valuable and original matter. The following persons have generously
read the proof, as a whole or in part, and made suggestions regarding it,
and to them the author would return his thanks, as well as acknowledge
his obligation: Prof. E. J. Bartlett, Dartmouth College, N.H.; Prof. F. C.
Robinson, Bowdoin College, Me.; Prof. H. S. Carhart, Michigan
University; Prof. B. D. Halsted, Iowa Agricultural College; Prof. W. T.
Sedgwick, Institute of Technology, Boston; Pres. M. E. Wadsworth,
Michigan Mining School; Prof. George Huntington, Carleton College,
Minn.; Prof. Joseph Torrey, Iowa College; Mr. C. J. Lincoln, East

Boston High.School; Mr. W. H. Sylvester, English High School,
Boston; Mr. F. W. Gilley, Chelsea, Mass., High School; the late D. S.
Lewis, Chemist of the Boston Gas Works, and others.
R. P. W.
BOSTON, January 3, 1888.

TABLE OF CONTENTS




CHAPTER I
.
THE METRIC SYSTEM.
Length.--Volume.--Weight



CHAPTER II
.
DIVISIBILITY OF MATTER.
Mass.-Molecule.--Atom.--Element.--Compound.--Mixture.--
Analysis.--Synthesis.--Metathesis.--Chemism



CHAPTER III
.
MOLECULES AND ATOMS.
Synthesis

CHAPTER IV
.
ELEMENTS AND BINARIES.
Symbols.--Names.--Coefficients.--Exponents.--Table of elements



CHAPTER V
.
MANIPULATION.
To prepare and cut glass, etc.



CHAPTER VI
.
OXYGEN.
Preparation.--Properties.--Combustion of carbon; sulphur; phosphorus;
iron.



Chapter VII
NITROGEN
Separation--Properties

CHAPTER VIII
HYDROGEN
Preparation--Properties--Combustion--Oxy-hydrogen blowpipe



CHAPTER IX
UNION BY WEIGHT
Meaning of equations--Problems



CHAPTER X
CARBON
Preparation--Allotropic forms: diamond, graphite, amorphous carbon,
coke, mineral coal.--Carbon a reducing agent, a decolorizer,
disinfectant, absorber of gases

CHAPTER XI
VALENCE
Poles of attraction--Radicals



CHAPTER XII
ELECTRO-CHEMICAL RELATION OF ELEMENTS
Deposition of silver; copper; lead--Table of metals and non- metals,
and discussion of their differences



CHAPTER XIII
.
ELECTROLYSIS.
Decomposition of water and of salts--Conclusions



CHAPTER XIV
.
UNION BY VOLUME.
Avogadro's law and its applications.

CHAPTER XV
.
ACIDS AND BASES.
Characteristics of acids and bases.--Anhydrides.--Naming of
acids.--Alkalies



CHAPTER XVI
.
SALTS.
Preparation from acids and bases.--Naming of salts.--Occurrence



CHAPTER XVII
CHLORHYDRIC ACID.
Preparation and tests.--Bromhydric, iodhiydric, and fluorhydric
acids.--Etching glass



CHAPTER XVIII
.
NITRIC ACID.

Preparation, properties, tests, and uses.--Aqua regia: preparation and
action



CHAPTER XIX
.
SULPHURIC ACID.
Preparation, tests, manufacture, and importance.-Fuming sulphuric acid



CHAPTER XX
.
AMMONIUM HYDRATE.
Preparation of bases.--Formation, preparation, tests, and uses of
ammonia.



Chapter XXI
.
SODIUM HYDRATE.
Preparation and properties.--Potassium hydrate and calcium hydrate



CHAPTER XXII
OXIDES OF NITROGEN.
Nitrogen monoxide, dioxide, trioxide, tetroaide, pentoxide.

CHAPTER XXIII
.
LAWS OF DEFINITE AND OF MULTIPLE PROPORTION, and
their application



CHAPTER XXIV
.
CARBON PROTOXIDE and water gas.



CHAPTER XXV
.
CARBON DIOXIDE.
Preparation and tests.--Oxidation in the human system.--Oxidation in
water.--Deoxidation in plants



CHAPTER XXVI
.
OZONE.
Description, preparation, and test



CHAPTER XXVII

CHEMISTRY OF THE ATMOSPHERE.
Constituents of the air.--Air a mixture.--Water, carbon dioxide, and
other ingredients of the atmosphere



CHAPTER XXVIII
.
THE CHEMISTRY OF WATER.
Distillation of water.--Three states.--Pure water, sea-water, river-water,
spring-water



CHAPTER XXIX
.
THE CHEMISTRY OF FLAME.
Candle flame.--Bunsen flame.--Light and heat.--Temperature of
combustion.--Oxidizing and reducing flames.--Combustible and
supporter.--Explosive mixture of gases.--Generalizations



CHAPTER XXX
.
CHLORINE.
Preparation.--Chlorine water.--Bleaching properties.-- Disinfecting
power.--A supporter of combustion.--Sources and uses

CHAPTER XXXI
.
BROMINE.
Preparation.--Tests.--Description.--Uses



CHAPTER XXXII
.
IODINE.
Preparation.--Tests.--Iodo-starch paper.--Occurrence.--Uses.-- Fluorine



CHAPTER XXXIII
.
THE HALOGENS.
Comparison.--Acids, oxides, and salts



CHAPTER XXXIV
.
VAPOR DENSITY AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT.
Gaseous weights and volumes.--Vapor density defined.--Vapor density
of oxygen



CHAPTER XXXV

.
ATOMIC WEIGHT.
Definition.--Atomic weight of oxygen.--Molecular symbols.--
Molecular and atomic volumes



CHAPTER XXXVI
.
DIFFUSION AND CONDENSATION OF GASES.
Diffusion of gases.--Law of diffusion.--Cause.--Liquefaction and
solidification of gases



CHAPTER XXXVIL
SULPHUR.
Separation.--Crystals from fusion.--Allotropy.--Solution.-- Theory of
Allotropy.--Occurrence and purification.--Uses.--- Sulphur dioxide



CHAPTER XXXVIII
.
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE.
Preparation.--Tests.--Combustion.--Uses.--An analyzer of metals.-
-Occurrence and properties

CHAPTER XXXIX
.
PHOSPHORUS.
Solution and combustion.--Combustion under water.--Occurrence.--
Sources.--Preparation of phosphates and phosphorus.---
Properties.--Uses.--Matches.--Red phosphorus.---Phosphene



CHAPTER XL
.
ARSENIC.
Separation.--Tests.--Expert analysis.--Properties and occurrence.--
Atomic volume.--Uses of arsenic trioxide



CHAPTER XLI
.
SILICON, SILICA, AND SILICATES.
Comparison of silicon and carbon.--Silica.--Silicates.--Formation of
silica.



Chapter XLII
GLASS AND POTTERY.
Glass an artificial silicate.--Manufacture.--Importance.-- Porcelain and
pottery.

CHAPTER XLIII