minimum, the author disclaims any
pretensions to a work entirely free from mistakes, holding himself
alone responsible for any shortcomings, and trusting to the leniency of
teachers and critics.
The manuscript has been read by Prof. Henry Carmichael, Ph.D., of
Boston, and to his broad and accurate scholarship, as well as to his
deep personal interest in the work, the author is indebted for much
valuable and original matter. The following persons have generously
read the proof, as a whole or in part, and made suggestions regarding it,
and to them the author would return his thanks, as well as acknowledge
his obligation: Prof. E. J. Bartlett, Dartmouth College, N.H.; Prof. F. C.
Robinson, Bowdoin College, Me.; Prof. H. S. Carhart, Michigan
University; Prof. B. D. Halsted, Iowa Agricultural College; Prof. W. T.
Sedgwick, Institute of Technology, Boston; Pres. M. E. Wadsworth,
Michigan Mining School; Prof. George Huntington, Carleton College,
Minn.; Prof. Joseph Torrey, Iowa College; Mr. C. J. Lincoln, East
Boston High.School; Mr. W. H. Sylvester, English High School,
Boston; Mr. F. W. Gilley, Chelsea, Mass., High School; the late D. S.
Lewis, Chemist of the Boston Gas Works, and others.
R. P. W.
BOSTON, January 3, 1888.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
.
THE METRIC SYSTEM.
Length.--Volume.--Weight
CHAPTER II
.
DIVISIBILITY OF MATTER.
Mass.-Molecule.--Atom.--Element.--Compound.--Mixture.--
Analysis.--Synthesis.--Metathesis.--Chemism
CHAPTER III
.
MOLECULES AND ATOMS.
Synthesis
CHAPTER IV
.
ELEMENTS AND BINARIES.
Symbols.--Names.--Coefficients.--Exponents.--Table of elements
CHAPTER V
.
MANIPULATION.
To prepare and cut glass, etc.
CHAPTER VI
.
OXYGEN.
Preparation.--Properties.--Combustion of carbon; sulphur; phosphorus;
iron.
Chapter VII
NITROGEN
Separation--Properties
CHAPTER VIII
HYDROGEN
Preparation--Properties--Combustion--Oxy-hydrogen blowpipe
CHAPTER IX
UNION BY WEIGHT
Meaning of equations--Problems
CHAPTER X
CARBON
Preparation--Allotropic forms: diamond, graphite, amorphous carbon,
coke, mineral coal.--Carbon a reducing agent, a decolorizer,
disinfectant, absorber of gases
CHAPTER XI
VALENCE
Poles of attraction--Radicals
CHAPTER XII
ELECTRO-CHEMICAL RELATION OF ELEMENTS
Deposition of silver; copper; lead--Table of metals and non- metals,
and discussion of their differences
CHAPTER XIII
.
ELECTROLYSIS.
Decomposition of water and of salts--Conclusions
CHAPTER XIV
.
UNION BY VOLUME.
Avogadro's law and its applications.
CHAPTER XV
.
ACIDS AND BASES.
Characteristics of acids and bases.--Anhydrides.--Naming of
acids.--Alkalies
CHAPTER XVI
.
SALTS.
Preparation from acids and bases.--Naming of salts.--Occurrence
CHAPTER XVII
CHLORHYDRIC ACID.
Preparation and tests.--Bromhydric, iodhiydric, and fluorhydric
acids.--Etching glass
CHAPTER XVIII
.
NITRIC ACID.
Preparation, properties, tests, and uses.--Aqua regia: preparation and
action
CHAPTER XIX
.
SULPHURIC ACID.
Preparation, tests, manufacture, and importance.-Fuming sulphuric acid
CHAPTER XX
.
AMMONIUM HYDRATE.
Preparation of bases.--Formation, preparation, tests, and uses of
ammonia.
Chapter XXI
.
SODIUM HYDRATE.
Preparation and properties.--Potassium hydrate and calcium hydrate
CHAPTER XXII
OXIDES OF NITROGEN.
Nitrogen monoxide, dioxide, trioxide, tetroaide, pentoxide.
CHAPTER XXIII
.
LAWS OF DEFINITE AND OF MULTIPLE PROPORTION, and
their application
CHAPTER XXIV
.
CARBON PROTOXIDE and water gas.
CHAPTER XXV
.
CARBON DIOXIDE.
Preparation and tests.--Oxidation in the human system.--Oxidation in
water.--Deoxidation in plants
CHAPTER XXVI
.
OZONE.
Description, preparation, and test
CHAPTER XXVII
CHEMISTRY OF THE ATMOSPHERE.
Constituents of the air.--Air a mixture.--Water, carbon dioxide, and
other ingredients of the atmosphere
CHAPTER XXVIII
.
THE CHEMISTRY OF WATER.
Distillation of water.--Three states.--Pure water, sea-water, river-water,
spring-water
CHAPTER XXIX
.
THE CHEMISTRY OF FLAME.
Candle flame.--Bunsen flame.--Light and heat.--Temperature of
combustion.--Oxidizing and reducing flames.--Combustible and
supporter.--Explosive mixture of gases.--Generalizations
CHAPTER XXX
.
CHLORINE.
Preparation.--Chlorine water.--Bleaching properties.-- Disinfecting
power.--A supporter of combustion.--Sources and uses
CHAPTER XXXI
.
BROMINE.
Preparation.--Tests.--Description.--Uses
CHAPTER XXXII
.
IODINE.
Preparation.--Tests.--Iodo-starch paper.--Occurrence.--Uses.-- Fluorine
CHAPTER XXXIII
.
THE HALOGENS.
Comparison.--Acids, oxides, and salts
CHAPTER XXXIV
.
VAPOR DENSITY AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT.
Gaseous weights and volumes.--Vapor density defined.--Vapor density
of oxygen
CHAPTER XXXV
.
ATOMIC WEIGHT.
Definition.--Atomic weight of oxygen.--Molecular symbols.--
Molecular and atomic volumes
CHAPTER XXXVI
.
DIFFUSION AND CONDENSATION OF GASES.
Diffusion of gases.--Law of diffusion.--Cause.--Liquefaction and
solidification of gases
CHAPTER XXXVIL
SULPHUR.
Separation.--Crystals from fusion.--Allotropy.--Solution.-- Theory of
Allotropy.--Occurrence and purification.--Uses.--- Sulphur dioxide
CHAPTER XXXVIII
.
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE.
Preparation.--Tests.--Combustion.--Uses.--An analyzer of metals.-
-Occurrence and properties
CHAPTER XXXIX
.
PHOSPHORUS.
Solution and combustion.--Combustion under water.--Occurrence.--
Sources.--Preparation of phosphates and phosphorus.---
Properties.--Uses.--Matches.--Red phosphorus.---Phosphene
CHAPTER XL
.
ARSENIC.
Separation.--Tests.--Expert analysis.--Properties and occurrence.--
Atomic volume.--Uses of arsenic trioxide
CHAPTER XLI
.
SILICON, SILICA, AND SILICATES.
Comparison of silicon and carbon.--Silica.--Silicates.--Formation of
silica.
Chapter XLII
GLASS AND POTTERY.
Glass an artificial silicate.--Manufacture.--Importance.-- Porcelain and
pottery.
CHAPTER XLIII
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