A Political and Social History of Modern Europe | Page 7

social

history a series, Histoire universelle du travail, 12 vols., is projected
under the editorship of Georges Renard. _The Encyclopædia
Britannica_, 11th ed. (1910-1911), is the work mainly of distinguished
scholars and a storehouse of historical information, political, social, and
intellectual. Also available in English is History of All Nations, 24 vols.
(1902), the first nineteen based on translation of Theodor Flathe,
Allgemeine Weltgeschichte,--Vols. X-XXIV dealing with modern
history,--Vol. XX, on Europe, Asia, and Africa since 1871, by C. M.
Andrews, and Vols. XXI-XXIII, on American history, by John Fiske;
likewise H. F. Helmolt (editor), Weltgeschichte, trans. into English, 8
vols. (1902-1907). Sets and series in German: Wilhelm Oncken (editor),
Allgemeine Geschichte in Einzeldarstellungen, 50 vols. (1879-1893);
_Geschichte der europäischen Staaten_, an enormous collection,
appearing more or less constantly from 1829 to the present and edited
successively by such famous scholars as A. H. L. Heeren, F. A. Ukert,
Wilhelm von Giesebrecht, and Karl Lamprecht; G. von Below and F.
Meinecke (editors), _Handbuch der mittel-alterlichen und neueren
Geschichte_, a series begun in 1903 and planned, when completed, to
comprise 40 vols.; Paul Hinneberg (editor), _Die Kultur der Gegenwart,
ihre Entwicklung und ihre Ziele_, a remarkable series begun in 1906
and intended to explain in many volumes the civilization of the
twentieth century in all its aspects; Erich Brandenburg (editor),
Bibliothek der Geschichtswissenschaft, a series recently projected, the
first volume appearing in 1912; J. von Pflugk-Harttung,
_Weltgeschichte: die Entwicklung der Menschheit in Staat und
Gesellschaft, in Kultur und Geistesleben_, 6 vols. illust. (1908-1911);
Theodor Lindner, _Weltgeschichte seit der Völkerwanderung_, 8 vols.
(1908-1914). Valuable contributions to general modern history occur in
such monumental national histories as Karl Lamprecht, Deutsche
Geschichte, 12 vols. in 16 (1891-1909), and, more particularly, Ernest
Lavisse (editor), _Histoire de France depuis les origines jusqu'à la
Révolution_, 9 double vols. (1900-1911).
BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARIES. General: Encyclopedia
Britannica, 11th ed., 29 vols. (1910-1911); New International
Encyclopedia, 2d ed., 24 vols. (1914-1916); Catholic Encyclopedia, 15
vols. (1907-1912). Great Britain: Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee
(editors), Dictionary of National Biography, 72 vols. (1885-1913).

France: Hoefer (editor), _Nouvelle biographie générale_, 46 vols.
(1855-1866); _Dictionnaire de biographie française_, projected (1913)
under editorship of Louis Didier, Albert Isnard, and Gabriel Ledos.
Germany: Liliencron and Wegele (editors), Allgemeine deutsche
Biographie, 54 vols. (1875 sqq.). Austria-Hungary: Wurzbach (editor),
Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, 60 vols.
(1856-1891). There is also a well-known French work--L. G. Michaud,
Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne, 45 vols. (1880).
BIBLIOGRAPHY. Many of the works cited above and most of the
works mentioned in the following chapter bibliographies contain
convenient bibliographies on special topics. The best general guide to
collections of source material and to the organization of historical study
and research, though already somewhat out-of-date, is C. V. Langlois,
Manuel de bibliographie historique, 2 vols. (1901-1904). See also C. M.
Andrews, J. M. Gambrill, and Lida Tall, A Bibliography of History for
Schools and Libraries (1910); and C. K. Adams, A Manual of
Historical Literature, 3d ed. (1889). Specifically, for Great Britain: W.
P. Courtney, A Register of National Bibliography, 3 vols. (1905- 1912);
S. R. Gardiner and J. B. Mullinger, Introduction to the Study of English
History, 4th ed. (1903); H. L. Cannon, Reading References for English
History (1910); Bibliography of Modern English History, now (1916)
in preparation under the auspices of English scholars and of the
American Historical Association. For German bibliography:
Dahlmann- Waitz, Quellenkunde der deutschen Geschichte, 8th ed.
(1912); Jahresberichte der Geschichtswissenschaft, a valuable annual
publication issued under the auspices of the Historical Association of
Berlin. For French bibliography: Gabriel Monod, _Bibliographie de
l'histoire de France_ (1888), new ed. projected (1910) in 4 vols.;
Manuels de bibliographie historique (1907-1916):

Part II, 1494-1610,
by Henri Hauser, _

Part III, 1610-1715_, by Émile Bourgeois
and Louis

André; _Répertoire méthodique de l'histoire moderne et contemporaine
de la France_, an annual publication edited by Brière and Caron. For
American bibliography: Edward Channing, A. B. Hart, and F. J. Turner,
Guide to the Study of American History (1912). Among important
historical periodicals, containing bibliographical notes and book
reviews, are, _History Teacher's Magazine, The American Historical
Review, The English Historical Review, Die historische Zeitschrift,
Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine, La revue historique_, and
La revue des questions historiques. For periodical literature see
_Poole's Index_ (1802-1906) and _Readers' Guide_ (1900 _sqq._). The
most famous lists of published books are: The American Catalogue
(1876 _sqq._); the English Catalogue (1835 _sqq._); C. G. Kayser,
_Bücher-Lexikon_ (1750 _sqq._); Wilhelm Heinsius,
_Bücher-Lexikon_ (1700-1892); Otto Lorenz, _Catalogue général de la
librarie française (1840 sqq.); and, for general comment, American
Library Association, Index to General Literature (1893 _sqq._).


PART I
FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN EUROPE


CHAPTER I
THE COUNTRIES OF EUROPE AT THE OPENING OF THE
SIXTEENTH CENTURY
1. THE NEW NATIONAL MONARCHIES
[Sidenote: "National Monarchies" in 1500]
Before we can