Wyandot Government: A Short Study of Tribal Society

Wyandot Government: A Short Study of Tribal Society

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Title: Wyandot Government: A Short Study of Tribal Society Bureau of American Ethnology
Author: John Wesley Powell
Release Date: October 25, 2005 [EBook #16947]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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[Transcriber's Note: This text uses several diacritical marks: [)e] represents "e with breve," [n] represents "superscript n," ' at the end of syllables is a prime mark, [u.] represents "u with dot below."]

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION--BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY.
J. W. POWELL, DIRECTOR.

WYANDOT GOVERNMENT:
A SHORT STUDY OF TRIBAL SOCIETY.

BY

J. W. POWELL.

In the social organization of the Wyandots four groups are recognized--the family, the gens, the phratry, and the tribe.
THE FAMILY.
The family, as the term is here used, is nearly synonymous with the household. It is composed of the persons who occupy one lodge, or, in their permanent wigwams, one section of a communal dwelling. These permanent dwellings are constructed in an oblong form, of poles interwoven with bark. The fire is placed in line along the center, and is usually built for two families, one occupying the place on each side of the fire.
The head of the family is a woman.
THE GENS.
The gens is an organized body of consanguineal kindred in the female line. "The woman carries the gens," is the formulated statement by which a Wyandot expresses the idea that descent is in the female line. Each gens has the name of some animal, the ancient of such animal being its tutelar god. Up to the time that the tribe left Ohio, eleven gentes were recognized, as follows:
Deer, Bear, Highland Turtle (striped), Highland Turtle (black), Mud Turtle, Smooth Large Turtle, Hawk, Beaver, Wolf, Sea Snake, and Porcupine.
In speaking of an individual he is said to be a wolf, a bear, or a deer, as the case may be, meaning thereby that he belongs to that gens; but in speaking of the body of people comprising a gens, they are said to be relatives of the wolf, the bear, or the deer, as the case may be.
There is a body of names belonging to each gens, so that each person's name indicates the gens to which he belongs. These names are derived from the characteristics, habits, attitudes, or mythologic stories connected with, the tutelar god.
The following schedule presents the name of a man and a woman in each gens, as illustrating this statement:
Wun-d��t English.
Man of Deer gens De-wa-t��-re Lean Deer. Woman of Deer gens A-ya-jin-ta Spotted Fawn. Man of Bear gens A-tu-e-t[)e]s Long Claws. Woman of Bear gens Ts��-ma[n]-da-ka-�� Grunting for her Young. Man of Striped Turtle Ta-h��-so[n]-ta-ra-ta-se Going Around the gens Lake. Woman of Striped Tso-we-yu?-kyu Gone from the Water. Turtle gens Man of Mud Turtle gens Sha-y?n-tsu-wat' Hard Skull. Woman of Mud Ya[n]-d?c-u-r?s Finding Sand Beach. Turtle gens Man of Smooth Large Hu[n]'-du-cu-t�� Throwing Sand. Turtle gens Woman of Smooth Tsu-ca-e[n] Slow Walker. Large Turtle gens Man of Wolf gens Ha-r��-u[n]-y? One who goes about in the Dark; a Prowler. Woman of Wolf gens Ya[n]-di-no Always Hungry. Man of Snake gens Hu-ta-h��-sa Sitting in curled Position. Woman of Snake gens Di-j��-rons One who Ripples the Water. Man of Porcupine gens Ha[n]-d��-tu[n] The one who puts up Quills. Woman of Porcupine K��-ya-runs-kwa Good-Sighted. gens
THE PHRATRY.
There are four phratries in the tribe, the three gentes Bear, Deer, and Striped Turtle constituting the first; the Highland Turtle, Black Turtle, and Smooth Large Turtle the second; the Hawk, Beaver, and Wolf the third, and the Sea Snake and Porcupine the fourth.
This unit in their organization has a mythologic basis, and is chiefly used for religious purposes, in the preparation of medicines, and in festivals and games.
The eleven gentes, as four phratries, constitute the tribe.
Each gens is a body of consanguineal kindred in the female line, and each gens is allied to other gentes by consanguineal kinship through the male line, and by affinity through marriage.
To be a member of the tribe it is necessary to be a member of a gens; to be a member of a gens it is necessary to belong to some family; and to belong to a family a person must have been born in the family so that his kinship is recognized, or he must be adopted into a family and become a son, brother, or some definite relative; and this artificial relationship gives him