Woodwork Joints | Page 5

joint apart.
Fig. 37 is "Oblique Dovetail Halving," one side of the piece being dovetailed. The joint is used to prevent "racking," and as a cross brace to framing. It is occasionally made with both its sides dovetailed as shown at Fig. 33. (For reference, see Fig. 28, 9.)
[Illustration: Fig. 35.--Halved Joint with one side Dovetailed.]
[Illustration: Fig. 36.--Halved Joint with Double Dovetail.]
[Illustration: Fig. 37.--Oblique Dovetail Halving.]
[Illustration: Fig. 38.--Stopped Dovetail Halving.]
Fig. 38 shows "Stopped Dovetail Halving." In this case the dovetail is similar to Fig. 33, with the exception that it does not run through the bottom rail. This is an advantage if the bottom edge of the rail is in evidence, or if it is required to glue a moulding or hardwood facing slip on the lower edge. The glue adheres better with the grain than it would end way of the grain, and if slight shrinkage occurs across the width of the bottom rail the moulding would not be forced away by the upright (see example at Fig. 28, 10).
[Illustration: Fig. 39.--Cross Halving Joint.]
[Illustration: Fig. 40.--Cross Halving Joint Edgeways.]
[Illustration: Fig. 41.--Tee Halving Joint.]
The joint lettered B in Fig. 28 is a "Cross Halving Joint" where each piece runs through the other. Fig. 39 shows this joint separated, and Fig. 40 shows a similar joint separated where the joint is made edgeways.
Fig. 41 shows a "Tee Halving Joint" with a dovetail cut on the edge. This is seldom used except as a woodwork exercise.
Fig. 42 is a "Dovetailed Halving Joint" used for lengthening timber, and is also a favourite Manual Training model. It might also come under the heading of scarf joint, although rarely used in actual practice as such. As a practical woodwork exercise it calls for accurate marking out and careful fitting.
[Illustration: Fig. 42.--Dovetailed Halving Joint used for Lengthening Timber.]
[Illustration: Fig. 43.--Dovetailed and Halved Joint.]
[Illustration: Fig. 44.--Dovetailed Halved Joint with Shoulders.]
Fig. 43 shows a combination of a halved joint dovetailed edgeways, whilst Fig. 44 shows a dovetailed halved joint with the shoulders housed. This latter is seldom used in actual work.
At Fig. 45 we have the application of halving joints when constructing a barrow wheel. The centre portion is an example of three pieces half-lapped or, as it is sometimes called, one-third lapped. A sketch of the three pieces separated is shown at L, B, C, Fig. 46.
This joint is extensively used in the pattern making trade for lap-jointing the arms of pulley patterns, etc. It is probably the most difficult of the halving joints to mark out and construct with the desired degree of accuracy.
[Illustration: Fig. 45.--Halved Joints on Barrow Wheels.]
[Illustration: Fig. 46.--Detail of Halved Joints in Fig. 45.]
Fig. 47 shows a combination of a bevelled dovetail half-lapped joint. This is only used as a puzzle joint. When neatly constructed and glued together it is apparently impossible to make it, showing as it does a half lap on one side and a dovetailed half lap on the reverse side.
Fig. 48 is the end view of a kitchen table with drop leaf, showing the skirting board scribed to the solid side. A table of this type is fastened to the wall with two iron holdfasts which engage the ends of the table. The hinged bracket frame shows the application of the halving joint to bracket supports for this and similar purposes, such as brackets to support shelving, etc. In this example the hinged brackets turn underneath the table top, and allow the leaf to drop out of the way when not required. The dotted lines show the position of a shelf for boots and shoes.
[Illustration: Fig. 47.--Bevelled Dovetailed Half Lap.]
[Illustration: Fig. 48.--Bracket of Drop Table.]
[Illustration: Figs. 49 and 50.--Separate pieces of Halved Moulded Joint.]
[Illustration: Fig. 51.--Oblique Cross Halving Joint.]
[Illustration: Fig. 52.--Manual Training Halved Exercise Joint.]
[Illustration: Fig. 53.--Exercise Dovetail Joint.]
[Illustration: Fig. 54.--Carpentry Tie Joint.]
Figs. 49 and 50 indicate the halving of cross pieces which have their edges moulded; the pieces are shown separately, the moulding being omitted to give a clearer representation of the method of construction.
[Illustration: Fig. 55.--Cross Halving Joint with Housed Corners.]
[Illustration: Fig. 56.--The parts of Fig. 55 shown separate.]
Fig. 51 is an "Oblique Cross Halving Joint" where the two pieces are not at right angles. A plan and elevation of the joint are shown at the left, whilst a sketch of one piece of the joint is given in the right-hand illustration.
Figs. 52 and 53 are principally used as Manual Training models, and call for patience and manual dexterity.
Fig. 54 is used in carpentry and joinery where a tie or cross piece ties joists or beams at an angle.
Fig. 55 shows the elevation and end view of a "Cross Halving Joint" with housed or notched shoulders. This joint is seldom used in actual practice. The separate parts are given in Fig. 56.
At Fig. 57 are shown two