Woodwork Joints | Page 3

practically straight as the tendency to shrink is in thickness only.
The grain of quartered timber is shown in Fig. 12.
[Illustration: Fig. 10.--Showing Heart side of Timber one way.]
[Illustration: Fig. 11.--Heart side of Timber shown alternated.]
[Illustration: Fig. 12.--Grain of Quartered Timber.]
[Illustration: Fig. 13.--Boards showing uniformity of Grain.]
Judgment should also be exercised to avoid jointing in which one piece
of timber is wild and large in the grain, and the adjoining piece of a
mild-grained nature. Jointed boards should always be glued up with the
grain running in the same direction if possible; this we show at Fig. 13,
and nothing looks worse than a dressing chest end or similar piece of
work in which the grain runs haphazard. When jointing thin timber (say,
1/4-in., 3/8-in., 1/2-in. and 5/8-in. boards) the best method is to use a
shooting board (Fig. 26). It must be noted, however, that a shooting
board and plane practically never give a true right angle, owing to wear
and the grinding of the blade. Therefore, the boards should not all be
laid with the "face mark" on the shooting board whilst the edges are
shot, because any inequality would be multiplied by the number of
pieces jointed. A better method is to alternate the boards, face side up,
then face side down, whilst shooting the edges; this will prevent
convexity or concavity on the face of the jointed board, because any
slight error in the angle is neutralised (see Fig. 8).
APPLICATIONS OF THE JOINT.--The following show various
applications of the butt or glued joint:--
[Illustration: Fig. 14.--Carcase Wing-pieces Glued on.]
Fig. 7A shows a mahogany or other hardwood slip glued on the edge of
a cheaper wood, such as pine or whitewood, as is the case on bookcase

shelves when only the front edge is seen and polished.
Fig. 7B shows a moulding glued on a shelf, both mould and shelf in
this instance being of polished hardwood. A shelf of this type might be
used in a recess, the object of the overhanging moulding being to hide a
small 3/8-in. iron rod which would carry the curtain rings and heading
of the curtain which covers the recess. The shelf would be fixed about 3
ft. 9 ins. to 4 ft. 3 ins. from the floor.
Fig. 14 shows the wing pieces glued on the top bearer of carcase work.
The application of this bearer in its position will be shown in the
chapter on Dovetailing.
Fig. 15 shows a butt joint planed at an angle of 45 degrees (commonly
called a mitre), used for box feet, etc.
Fig. 16 shows jointing up of an ogee-shaped panel. The dotted lines
indicate the thickness of the timber previous to its being worked up to
the finished shape. Bow-fronted and semicircular panels are jointed in a
similar manner.
[Illustration: Fig. 15.--Butting Mitred Angle Joint.]
[Illustration: Fig. 16.--Jointing Ogee-shaped Panel.]
Fig. 17 shows timber jointed at right angles to the upright piece, and at
an angle of 30 degrees.
Fig. 18 indicates quarter-circle jointing, as used in round-cornered
chests of drawers, wardrobes, cupboards, etc.
Fig. 19 is similar to Fig. 18, but with hollow (or concave) corners.
[Illustration: Fig. 17.--Jointed Timber at 30° and 90° angles.]
[Illustration: Fig. 18 (above).--Convex Corner.]
[Illustration: Fig. 19 (below).--Concave Corner.]

[Illustration: Fig. 20.--Jointing a shaped Spandrel.]
[Illustration: Fig. 21.--Building up Case of Piano Front.]
[Illustration: Fig. 22.--Use of the Try-square for Testing Edge.]
[Illustration: Fig. 23.--Example of Circular Laminated work.]
[Illustration: Fig. 24.--Glueing Ploughslips to Drawer.]
[Illustration: Fig. 25.--Method of holding Glued Joints with Iron Dogs.]
[Illustration: Fig. 26.--Method of using Shooting Board.]
Fig. 20 gives us the jointing up of a shaped spandrel to the required
width. In a case of this description suitably grained and coloured wood
should be selected, otherwise the bad match will at once draw attention
to the joint.
Fig. 21 shows the application of butt or glued jointing to the building
up of the core of a piano fall previous to shaping up and veneering.
Fig. 23.--Laminated work--the building up of circular rims for cabinet
and joinery work. Plan and elevation show rim pattern of a pulley as
used in the pattern-making trade.
[Illustration: Fig. 27.--Cramping Glued Joints: Handscrews and Batten
shown at left; temporary Batten at right to keep the wood flat.]
Fig. 24.--The glueing of a ploughslip to a drawer side is seen here, the
ploughslip being used to carry the drawer bottom.
Fig. 26 shows the method of jointing with shooting board and trying
plane; the right hand operates the plane whilst the left hand holds the
wood firm upon the shooting board.
Owing to the importation of narrow and faulty timber the necessity of
jointing is greater to-day than ever it was, wide timber of course
meaning higher cost for