Woman in Modern Society | Page 3

the length of the body, the arms, legs, feet and hands are
shorter than in men, the lower leg and arm are shorter in proportion to
the upper leg and arm. Man has the long levers and the active frame.
One has only to look at two good statues of a man and a woman to
realize the greater strength and activity of the man.
Woman, as she actually appears in modern society, is also less subject

to variation than man;[4] she is much less liable to be a genius or an
idiot than her brother.[5] She offers greater resistance to disease,
endures pain and want more stoically, and lives longer; so that while
more boys than girls are born in all parts of the world, where statistics
are kept, in mature years women always outnumber men.
[4] KARL PEARSON denies this. See The Chances of Death, Vol. I, p.
256. London, 1897.
[5] C.W. SALEEBY, in Woman and Womanhood, p. 54, New York,
Mitchell Kennerley, 1911, maintains that woman is biologically more
variable than man, and that woman's less variable activity is due to her
training.
All these statements are summed up by saying that not only in women,
but in most female animals of the higher orders, life is more anabolic
than in males. They tend to more static conditions; they collect,
organize, conserve; they are patient and stable; they move about less;
they more easily lay on adipose tissue. Compared with the female, the
male animal is katabolic; he is active, impulsive, destructive, skilful,
creative, intense, spasmodic, violent. Such a generalization as this must
not be pushed too far in its applications to our daily life; but as a
statement of basal differences it seems justified by ordinary observation
as well as by scientific tests.[6]
[6] PATRICK GEDDES and ARTHUR THOMPSON, in The
Evolution of Sex, D. Appleton & Co., 1889, first advanced this position.
Meantime, it is probably true that the female, as mother of the race, is
more important biologically than the male, since she both furnishes
germ plasm and nourishes the newly conceived life. The latest studies,
along lines laid down by Mendel, seem to indicate that the female
brings to the new creation both male and female attributes, while the
male brings only male qualities. Thus when either sex sinks into
insignificance, as sometimes happens in lower forms of life, it is
generally the male which exists merely for purposes of reproduction.[7]
[7] C.W. SALEEBY, Woman and Womanhood,
Chapter V.
New York: Mitchell Kennerley, 1911.
The differences in the nervous systems of men and women are now
fairly established on the quantitative side. Marshall has shown that if

we compare brain weight with the stature in the two sexes there is a
slight preponderance of cerebrum in males; but if the other parts of the
brain are taken into consideration, the sexes are equal.[8] Havelock
Ellis has carefully gathered the results of many investigators and
declares that woman's brain is slightly superior to man's in proportion
to her size.[9] But these quantitative differences are now felt to have
comparatively little significance; and of the relative qualities of the
brain substance in the two sexes we know nothing positively. In fact, if
we give a scientist a section of brain substance he cannot tell whether it
is the brain of a man or a woman.
[8] MARSHALL, Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, July, 1892.
[9] HAVELOCK ELLIS, Man and Woman, p. 97, Contemporary
Science Series.
It is very probable that the average woman's mind is capable of much
the same activity as the average man's mind, given the same heredity
and the same training. They are both alike capable of remarkable feats
of imitation, and an ordinarily intelligent man could probably learn to
wear woman's clothes, and walk as she generally walks, so as to
deceive even a jury of women, if there were a motive to justify the
effort. Women also can perform, and they do perform, most of the feats
of men.
At the same time it is desirable to note present differences in modes of
thinking and feeling, for while they may have been produced by
environment and ideals, and may hence give way to education, they
must be reckoned with in making the next steps. In the chapter on
education we shall discuss certain academic peculiarities of women's
minds, but here we are interested in seeing what fundamental
differences characterize the thinking of the sexes.
Women seem more subject to emotional states than men;[10] and this
general observation agrees with the fact that the basal ganglia of the
brain are more developed in women than in men, and these parts of the
brain seem most intimately concerned with emotional activity. Whether
emotion follows acts or leads to acts remains a disputed question,