Vegetable Teratology | Page 2

BOOK III.
DEVIATIONS FROM ORDINARY NUMBER 340
PART I.--INCREASED NUMBER OF ORGANS 343
CHAPTER I.
MULTIPLICATION OF AXILE ORGANS--INFLORESCENCE 346
Multiplication of branches, 346--Plica, 346--Polyclady,
347--Multiplication of branches of inflorescence, 348--Of bulbs,
350--Of florets, 351.
CHAPTER II.
MULTIPLICATION OF FOLIAR ORGANS 352

Pleiophylly, 353--Multiplication of stipules, bracts, &c.,
357--Polyphylly, 358--Increased number of leaves in a whorl,
358--Polyphylly of bracts, 358--Of calyx, 358--Of corolla, 359--Of
androecium, 361--Of gynoecium, 363--Of flower in general,
365--Increased number of ovules and seeds, 367--Of embryos, 369--Of
cotyledons, 370--Pleiotaxy, or multiplication of whorls, 371--Pleiotaxy
of bracts, 371--Of calyx, 374--Of perianth, 375--Of corolla (hose in
hose), 376--Androecium, 379--Androecium of Orchids, 380--Pleiotaxy
of gynoecium, 388--Increased number of flowers in an inflorescence,
391.
PART II.--DIMINISHED NUMBER OF ORGANS 392
CHAPTER I.
SUPPRESSION OF AXILE ORGANS 393
Acaulosia, 393--Non-development of peduncle, 393--Nature of
calyx-tube (Casimir de Candolle), 394--Suppression of columella, 395.
CHAPTER II.
SUPPRESSION OF FOLIAR ORGANS 395
Aphylly, 395--Meiophylly, 396--Of calyx or perianth, 396--Of corolla,
397--Of androecium, 398--Of gynoecium, 399--Of flower,
400--Meiotaxy, 403--Of calyx, 403--Of corolla, 403--Of androecium,
405--Of gynoecium, 406--Of ovules or seeds, 407--Of flower,
408--General remarks on suppression, 409.
BOOK IV.
DEVIATIONS FROM ORDINARY SIZE AND CONSISTENCE 413
PART I--HYPERTROPHY 416
CHAPTER I.

ENLARGEMENT 417
Of axile organs, 418--Knaurs, 419--Enlargement of buds, 420--Of
flower-stalk, 421--In pears, 423--Of placenta, 424--Of leaves,
426--Development of parts usually abortive, 427--Enlargement of
perianth, 428--Of androecium, 430--Of gynoecium, 430--Of fruit,
431--Alterations of consistence, 432.
CHAPTER II.
ELONGATION 488
Elongation of root, 434--Of inflorescence, 434--Of flower-stalks,
435--Of leaves, 437--Of parts of flower, 438--Of thalamus and placenta,
440--Apostasis, 440.
CHAPTER III.
ENATION 443
Excrescences from axile organs, warts, 444--Enation from leaves,
445--From sepals, 448--From petals, 448--Catacorolla, 451--Enation
from stamens, 453--From carpels, 453.
PART II.--ATROPHY 454
CHAPTER I.
ABORTION 455
Abortion of axile organs, 455--Of receptacle, 457--Of leaves, 458--Of
perianth, calyx, and corolla, 460--Of stamens, 463--Of pollen, 463--Of
pistil, fruit, &c., 464--Of ovules, 466--Depauperated ferns,
466--General remarks, 467.
CHAPTER II.
DEGENERATION 470

Formation of scales, 470--Of hairs, 472--Of glands, 473--Of tendrils,
473.
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.
General morphology of the leaf and axis, 476.--Homology,
476--Special morphology, 479--Calyx-tube, 480--Androecium,
482--Inferior ovary, 482--Placentation, 483--Structure of the ovule,
484--Leaves of Conifers, 484--Relative position of organs, 484--Law of
alternation, 485--Co-relation, 486--Compensation, 488--Teratology and
classification, 488.
APPENDIX.
Double flowers, varieties of, 491--Causes of production, 491--Relation
to variegated foliage, 497--List of plants producing, 499.
NOTE 508
INDEX TO SUBJECTS 511
INDEX OF NAMES OF PLANTS 517

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
FIG. PAGE
1. Diagram of regular pentamerous flower 4 2. Cohesion of branch
Dipsacus sylvestris 10 3. Fasciated lettuce ('Gard. Chron.') 11 4.
Fasciation in Asparagus 12 5. Fasciation in Pinus Pinaster 13 6.
Fasciation and spiral torsion in Asparagus ('Gard. Chron.') 14 7.
Fasciation in scape of dandelion 16 8. Pitcher on leaf of Pelargonium
22 9. Transition from flat to tubular segments of the perianth in
Eranthis 24 10. Pitcher of Crassula arborescens (C. Morren) 26 11.
Gamopetalous corolla, Papaver bracteatum 28 12. Adhesion of
petaloid stamen to segment of perianth, Crocus 35 13. Adhesion of
petal, stamen and carpel, Cheiranthus Cheiri 36 14. Synanthy.

Campanula Medium ('Gard. Chron.') 37 15, 16. Synanthic flowers of
Calanthe vestita 39 17. Synanthy in Digitalis purpurea ('Gard. Chron.')
40 18. Synanthy in Calceolaria 41 19, 20. Syncarpic apples 47 21.
Adhesion of two stems of oak ('Gard. Chron.') 51 22. Adhesion of
branches of elm ('Gard. Chron.') 52 23. Adhesion of two roots of carrot,
one white, the other red ('Gard. Chron.') 53 24. Section through
inverted and adherent mushrooms 54 25. Bifurcated male catkin,
Cedrus Libani 61 26. Bifurcated leaf, Lamium album 62 27. Bifurcated
leaf, Pelargonium 63 28. Bifurcated frond, Scolopendrium 64 29.
Three-lobed lip of Oncidium 68 30. Dialysis of corolla in Correa 71 31.
Dialysis of corolla in Campanula (De Candolle) 72 32. Anomalous
form of orange 74 33, 34. Disjoined carpels of orange (Maout) 75 35.
Proliferous rose (Bell Salter) 78 36, 37. Apple flower, with detached
calyx, &c. 79 38. Flower of OEnanthe crocata, with detached calyx,
&c. 80 39. Anomalous bulbs of tulip 85 40. Displaced leaf of Gesnera
(C. Morren) 88 41. Leaves of Pinus pinea 89 42. Deranged leaves of
yew 90 43. Cohesion of sepals and displacement of parts of Oncidium
cucullatum 92 44. Malformed flower of Cypripedium 93 45. Diagram
of the same 93 46. Diagram of natural structure in Cypripedium 93 47.
Diagram of malformed flower of Lycaste Skinneri 93 48. Diagram of
malformed flower of Dendrobium nobile 94 49. Natural arrangement in
same flower 94 50. Diagram of malformed violet 94 51. Monstrous
flower of Cerastium ('Gard. Chron.') 97 52. Inflorescence of
Polyanthus, with tufts of leaves at the summit 105 53. Lateral
prolification in inflorescence of Pelargonium 108 54. Paniculate
inflorescence of Plantago major 109 55. Branched spike and leafy
bracts of the same 110 56. Inflorescence of Plantago lanceolata, with
leaves and secondary flower-stalks at