Twenty Years of Congress, Volume 2 | Page 3

THE CONSTITUTIONAL GROUND.--HIS
CONCLUSIVE REASONING.--LONG DEBATE.--DECISION
AGAINST MR. STOCKTON.-- IMPORTANT RESULTS FLOWING
FROM IT.--CONGRESS REGULATES TIME AND MANNER OF
ELECTING SENATORS.--CHANGE FROM STATE CONTROL TO
NATIONAL CONTROL.-- ALEXANDER G. CATTELL SUCCEEDS
MR. STOCKTON.--DEATH OF MR. WRIGHT.-- FREDERICK T.
FRELINGHUYSEN SUCCEEDS HIM.
CHAPTER VIII.
THE PRESIDENT OFFENDED.--ADVERSE VOTE IN CONGRESS
SURPRISES HIM.-- FREEDMEN'S BUREAU
ESTABLISHED.--MAJOR-GENERAL HOWARD APPOINTED
COMMISSIONER.--HIS CHARACTER.--DEFICIENCY OF THE
BUREAU.--SUPPLEMENTARY ACT.--ITS

PROVISIONS.--CONFLICT WITH STATE POWER.--LONG
DEBATE.--SPEECH OF IGNATIUS DONNELLY.--THE
PRESIDENT'S VETO.--SEVERE ATTACK UPON THE
POLICY.--EXPENSE OF THE BUREAU.--SENATE FAILS TO
PASS BILL OVER VETO.-- ANOTHER BILL TO SAME EFFECT
PASSED.--MORE GUARDED IN ITS PROVISIONS.-- PRESIDENT
VETOES THE SECOND BILL.--SENATE AND HOUSE PASS IT
OVER THE VETO.--UNPOPULARITY OF THE
MEASURE.--SENATOR TRUMBULL INTRODUCES CIVIL
RIGHTS BILL.--ITS PROVISIONS.--RADICAL IN THEIR
EFFECT.--SPEECH OF REVERDY JOHNSON.--DEBATE IN THE
HOUSE.--PRESIDENT VETOES THE BILL.-- MAKES
ELABORATE ARGUMENT AGAINST IT.--EXCITING DEBATE
ON VETO.--MR. TRUMBULL'S SPEECH.--SEVERE REVIEW OF
PRESIDENT'S COURSE.--EXCITING SPEECH OF MR.
WADE.--ILLNESS OF MR. WRIGHT.--SEVERE REMARKS OF
MR. McDOUGAL AND MR. GUTHRIE.--DEBATE IN THE
HOUSE.--BOTH BRANCHES PASS BILL OVER
VETO.--RADICAL CHARACTER OF THE
MEASURE.--RELATIONS OF PRESIDENT AND
CONGRESS.--OPENLY HOSTILE.--POPULAR MEETING IN
WASHINGTON.--PRESIDENT'S ACTION
APPROVED.--PRESIDENT' SPEECH 22D OF FEBRUARY.--ITS
UNDIGNIFIED AND VIOLENT CHARACTER.--CALLS MEN BY
NAME.-- UNFAVORABLE IMPRESSION UPON THE
COUNTRY.--THE PRESIDENT LOSING GROUND.
--REPUBLICANS IN CONGRESS ANXIOUS.--EXCITING
PERIOD.--SENATOR LANE OF KANSAS.--HIS POLITICAL
DEFECTION.--HIS SUICIDE.--PERSONAL HISTORY.--HIS
PUBLIC SERVICES.--SUICIDE OF PRESTON KING.--SUPPOSED
REASONS FOR THE ACT.
CHAPTER IX.
CONTEST BETWEEN PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS.--POINTS
OF DIFFERENCE.--WHAT CONGRESS INSISTED
ON.--REQUIRED DEFINITION OF AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP.--

POLITICAL DISABILITIES.--THE PUBLIC CREDIT
.--PROTECTION OF NATIONAL PENSIONS.--REPUDIATION OF
REBEL DEBT.--POSSIBLE PAYMENT FOR SLAVES.--
APPREHENSIONS OF CAPITALISTS.--DANGER HANGING
OVER NATIONAL TREASURY.-- AMENDMENTS TO THE
FEDERAL CONSTITUTION.--SHOULD REBEL STATES
PARTICIPATE.--MR. SEWARD'S VIEW.--MR. THADDEUS
STEVENS'S VIEW.-- PROCEEDINGS OF RECONSTRUCTION
COMMITTEE.--PROPOSED BASES OF
REPRESENTATION.--AMENDMENT PROPOSED BY MR.
SPALDING.--BY MR. BLAINE.-- BY MR. CONKLING.--SPEECH
OF MR. JENCKES OF RHODE ISLAND.--BY MR. BAKER AND
MR. INGERSOLL OF ILLINOIS.--BY MR. SHELLABARGER.--BY
MR. PIKE OF MAINE.--MR. SCHENCK'S AMENDMENT.--HOUSE
ADOPTS AMENDMENT.--OPPOSED IN THE SENATE.--LONG
SPEECH OF MR. SUMNER.--REPLY OF MR. FESSENDEN.--
SPEECH OF SENATOR HENDERSON.--HIS RADICAL
PROPOSITION.--SENATE DEFEATS HOUSE
AMENDMENT.--NEW PROPOSITION FROM THE
RECONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE.-- FOURTEENTH
AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION PROPOSED.--ITS
ORIGINAL FORM. --DEBATE IN THE HOUSE.--PROCEEDINGS
IN THE SENATE.--LONG DEBATE.-- SPEECHES BY MR.
HOWARD, MR. HENDRICKS, MR. SHERMAN, MR. REVERDY
JOHNSON, MR. DOOLITTLE.--FINAL ADOPTION OF THE
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT BY BOTH
BRANCHES.--NOTIFICATION TO THE STATES JUNE
16.--PROMPT ADOPTION BY TENNESSEE.--TENNESSEE
RE-ADMITTED TO REPRESENTATION.--ACTION OF SENATE
AND HOUSE THEREON.--REASONS ASSIGNED FOR PASSING
THE BILL.--PRESIDENT APPROVES THE BILL, BUT
DISAPPROVES THE REASONS FOR ITS PASSAGE.--HIS
INGENIOUS CENSURE OF CONGRESS.--ADJOURNMENT OF
CONGRESS.--IMPENDING POLITICAL CONTEST.--STRUGGLE
BETWEEN THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS.

CHAPTER X.
A CABINET CRISIS.--RESIGNATION OF WILLIAM DENNISON,
POSTMASTER-GENERAL, JAMES SPEED,
ATTORNEY-GENERAL, AND JAMES HARLAN, SECRETARY OF
THE INTERIOR.--SUCCEEDED RESPECTIVELY BY
ALEXANDER W. RANDALL, HENRY STANBURY, AND
ORVILLE H. BROWNING.--POLITICAL CAMPAIGN OF
1866.--FOUR NATIONAL CONVENTIONS.--TWO FAVORING
THE PRESIDENT; TWO ADVERSE.-- PHILADELPHIA
CONVENTION, AUGUST 14, FAVORING THE
PRESIDENT.--IMPRESSIVE IN NUMBERS, DISTINGUISHED IN
DELEGATES.--PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION OF SEPTEMBER
13.--SOUTHERN LOYALISTS AND NORTHERN
SYMPATHIZERS.--LIST OF PROMINENT MEN IN
ATTENDANCE.--MARKED EFFECT OF ITS PROCEEDINGS.--
SPEECH OF HONORABLE JAMES SPEED.--ADDRESS TO THE
PEOPLE.--WRITTEN BY THE HONORABLE J. A. J.
CRESWELL.--SOLDIERS' CONVENTION AT CLEVELAND.--
FAVORABLE TO THE PRESIDENT.--SPEECH OF GENERAL
EWING.--CONVENTION PRINCIPALLY DEMOCRATIC IN
MEMBERSHIP.--ITS PROCEEDINGS INEFFECTIVE.-- SOLDIERS'
CONVENTION AT PITTSBURG.--HOSTILE TO
PRESIDENT.--GENERAL COX PRESIDES.--DISTINGUISHED
OFFICERS PRESENT.--TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND SOLDIERS
PRESENT.--GREAT EFFECT FOLLOWED IT IN THE
COUNTRY.--FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT THE
RALLYING-POINT.--POLITICAL EVENTS OF THE
SUMMER.--HOSTILE TO PRESIDENT.--NEW-ORLEANS RIOT
OF JULY 30.--GREAT SLAUGHTER.--REBEL OFFICERS IN
LOUISIANA RESPONSIBLE.--INVESTIGATED BY
CONGRESS.--ALSO BY MILITARY AUTHORITIES.--REPORTS
SUBSTANTIALLY AGREE.--CENSURE OF THE
PRESIDENT.--RESULT HURTFUL TO HIS
ADMINISTRATION.--HIS FAMOUS TOUR.-- INJURIOUS TO HIS
ADMINISTRATION.--REPUBLICANS VICTORIOUS IN
ELECTIONS THROUGHOUT THE NORTH.--DEMOCRATS

VICTORIOUS THROUGHOUT THE SOUTH.-- HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES REPUBLICAN BY THREE TO
ONE.--PRESIDENT DEPRESSED.--IMPORTANCE OF THE
ELECTIONS OF 1866.--NEGRO SUFFRAGE.--THE DIFFICULTY
OF IMPOSING IT ON THE SOUTH.--FOURTEENTH
AMENDMENT THE TEST FOR RECONSTRUCTION.
CHAPTER XI.
SECOND SESSION THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS.--PRESIDENT'S
MESSAGE.--REPEATS THE FORMER
RECOMMENDATIONS.--MISCHIEVOUS EFFECT PRODUCED IN
THE SOUTH. --THE TEN CONFEDERATES STATES VOTE ON
THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT.-- REJECTED BY EVERY
ONE.--DEFIANCE TO CONGRESS.--MADNESS OF THE
SOUTHERN LEADERS.--DETERMINATION OF THE
NORTH.--NEW PLAN OF RECONSTRUCTION.-- BILL
REPORTED BY MR. STEVENS.--SOUTH DIVIDED INTO
MILITARY DISTRICTS.-- BILL ELABORATELY
DEBATED.--VIEWS OF LEADING MEMBERS.--EXTRACTS
FROM SPEECHES.--BLAINE AMENDMENT.--DEBATED IN THE
HOUSE.--OPPOSED BY MR. STEVENS.--REJECTED IN THE
HOUSE.--ADOPTED IN DIFFERENT FORM IN THE
SENATE.--FINALLY INCORPORATED IN RECONSTRUCTION
BILL.--PRESIDENT VETOES THE BILL.--PASSED OVER HIS
VETO.--CHARACTER OF THE MEASURE.--THE SOUTH
FORCES THE ADOPTION OF NEGRO SUFFRAGE.--NOT
CONTEMPLATED ORIGINALLY BY THE
NORTH.--CHARACTER OF THE STRUGGLE.--EXECUTIVE
PATRONAGE.-- PRESIDENT'S POLICY TO BE SUSTAINED BY
IT.--THE POWER OF REMOVAL.--EARLY DECISION OF THE
GOVERNMENT.--VIEWS OF MR. MADISON AND MR.
WEBSTER.--OF HAMILTON AND OF
WASHINGTON.--REPUBLICAN LEADERS DETERMINED TO
CURTAIL THE POWER.--MR. WILLIAMS INTRODUCES
TENURE OF OFFICE BILL.--SPEECHES OF EDMUNDS, HOWE,
AND OTHERS.--PRESIDENT VETOES THE BILL.--PASSED

OVER HIS VETO.--DOUBTFUL CHARACTER OF THE
MEASURE.--REPUBLICAN DISTRUST OF IT.--NEW STATES IN
THE NORTH-WEST.--MR. LINCOLN'S POLICY SHOWN IN THE
CASE OF NEVADA.--INCREASE OF FREE
TERRITORIES.--NEBRASKA AND COLORADO APPLY FOR
ADMISSION.--PRESIDENT JOHNSON VETOES THE
BILL.--ADMISSION OF COLORADO PREVENTED.--POWER OF
PARDON AND AMNESTY BY PROCLAMATION TAKEN FROM
THE PRESIDENT.--SCANDALS REPORTED.
CHAPTER XII.
MEETING OF FORTIETH