Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus | Page 3

states of
affairs.
2.04 The totality of existing states of affairs is the world.
2.05 The totality of existing states of affairs also determines which
states of affairs do not exist.
2.06 The existence and non-existence of states of affairs is reality. (We
call the existence of states of affairs a positive fact, and their
non-existence a negative fact.)
2.061 States of affairs are independent of one another.
2.062 From the existence or non-existence of one state of affairs it is
impossible to infer the existence or non-existence of another.
2.063 The sum-total of reality is the world.
2.1 We picture facts to ourselves.
2.11 A picture presents a situation in logical space, the existence and
non-existence of states of affairs.
2.12 A picture is a model of reality.
2.13 In a picture objects have the elements of the picture corresponding
to them.

2.131 In a picture the elements of the picture are the representatives of
objects.
2.14 What constitutes a picture is that its elements are related to one
another in a determinate way.
2.141 A picture is a fact.
2.15 The fact that the elements of a picture are related to one another in
a determinate way represents that things are related to one another in
the same way. Let us call this connexion of its elements the structure of
the picture, and let us call the possibility of this structure the pictorial
form of the picture.
2.151 Pictorial form is the possibility that things are related to one
another in the same way as the elements of the picture.
2.1511 That is how a picture is attached to reality; it reaches right out
to it.
2.1512 It is laid against reality like a measure.
2.15121 Only the end-points of the graduating lines actually touch the
object that is to be measured.
2.1514 So a picture, conceived in this way, also includes the pictorial
relationship, which makes it into a picture.
2.1515 These correlations are, as it were, the feelers of the picture's
elements, with which the picture touches reality.
2.16 If a fact is to be a picture, it must have something in common with
what it depicts.
2.161 There must be something identical in a picture and what it
depicts, to enable the one to be a picture of the other at all.
2.17 What a picture must have in common with reality, in order to be
able to depict it--correctly or incorrectly--in the way that it does, is its

pictorial form.
2.171 A picture can depict any reality whose form it has. A spatial
picture can depict anything spatial, a coloured one anything coloured,
etc.
2.172 A picture cannot, however, depict its pictorial form: it displays it.
2.173 A picture represents its subject from a position outside it. (Its
standpoint is its representational form.) That is why a picture represents
its subject correctly or incorrectly.
2.174 A picture cannot, however, place itself outside its
representational form.
2.18 What any picture, of whatever form, must have in common with
reality, in order to be able to depict it--correctly or incorrectly--in any
way at all, is logical form, i.e. the form of reality.
2.181 A picture whose pictorial form is logical form is called a logical
picture.
2.182 Every picture is at the same time a logical one. (On the other
hand, not every picture is, for example, a spatial one.)
2.19 Logical pictures can depict the world.
2.2 A picture has logico-pictorial form in common with what it depicts.
2.201 A picture depicts reality by representing a possibility of existence
and non-existence of states of affairs.
2.202 A picture contains the possibility of the situation that it
represents.
2.203 A picture agrees with reality or fails to agree; it is correct or
incorrect, true or false.
2.22 What a picture represents it represents independently of its truth or

falsity, by means of its pictorial form.
2.221 What a picture represents is its sense.
2.222 The agreement or disagreement or its sense with reality
constitutes its truth or falsity.
2.223 In order to tell whether a picture is true or false we must compare
it with reality.
2.224 It is impossible to tell from the picture alone whether it is true or
false.
2.225 There are no pictures that are true a priori.
3. A logical picture of facts is a thought.
3.001 'A state of affairs is thinkable': what this means is that we can
picture it to ourselves.
3.01 The totality of true thoughts is a picture of the world.
3.02 A thought contains the possibility of the situation of which it is the
thought. What is thinkable is possible too.
3.03 Thought can never be of anything illogical, since, if it were, we
should have to think illogically.
3.031 It used to be said that God could