Thomas Henry Huxley; A Sketch Of His Life And Work | Page 2

Affairs--Official in Scientific Societies--Royal Commissions--Vivisection--Characteristics of his Public Speaking--His Method of Exposition--His Essays--Vocabulary--Phrase-Making--His Style Essentially One of Ideas.
CHAPTER XIII
THE OPPONENT OF MATERIALISM 218
Science and Metaphysics--Berkeley, Hume, and Hobbes--Existence of Matter and Mind--Descartes's Contribution--Materialism and Idealism--Criticism of Materialism--Berkeley's Idealism--Criticism of Idealism--Empirical Idealism--Materialism as opposed to Supernaturalism--Mind and Brain--Origin of Life--Teleology, Chance, and the Argument from Design.
CHAPTER XIV
FREEDOM OF THOUGHT 232
Authority and Knowledge in Science--The Duty of Doubt--Authority and Individual Judgment in Religion--The Protestant Position--Sir Charles Lyell and the Deluge--Infallibility--The Church and Science--Morality and Dogma--Civil and Religious Liberty--Agnosticism and Clericalism--Meaning of Agnosticism--Knowledge and Evidence--The Method of Agnosticism.
CHAPTER XV
THE BIBLE AND MIRACLES 245
Why Huxley Came to Write about the Bible--A Magna Charta of the Poor--The Theological Use of the Bible--The Doctrine of Biblical Infallibility--The Bible and Science--The Three Hypotheses of the Earth's History--Changes in the Past Proved--The Creation Hypothesis--Gladstone on Genesis--Genesis not a Record of Fact--The Hypothesis of Evolution--The New Testament--Theory of Inspiration--Reliance on the Miraculous--The Continuity of Nature no a priori Argument against Miracles---Possibilities and Impossibilities--Miracles a Question of Evidence--Praise of the Bible.
CHAPTER XVI
ETHICS OF THE COSMOS 261
Conduct and Metaphysics--Conventional and Critical Minds--Good and Evil--Huxley's Last Appearance at Oxford--The Ethical Process and the Cosmic Process--Man's Intervention--The Cosmic Process Evil--Ancient Reconciliations--Modern Acceptance of the Difficulties--Criticism of Huxley's Pessimism--Man and his Ethical Aspirations Part of the Cosmos.
CHAPTER XVII
CLOSING DAYS AND SUMMARY 275
Huxley's Life in London--Decennial Periods--Ill-health--Retirement to Eastbourne--Death--Personal Appearance--Methods of Work--Personal Characteristics--An Inspirer of Others--His Influence in Science--A Naturalist by Vocation--His Aspirations.
INDEX 287

ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY--From a photograph by London Stereoscopic Company Frontispiece THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY, 1857--_Reproduced by permission from "Natural Science," vol. vii., No. 42_ 64
SIR JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER--_From a photograph by Elliott and Fry, London_ 98
CHARLES DARWIN--_From the painting by Hon. John Collier in the National Portrait Gallery_ 146
SIR CHARLES LYELL--From a photograph by London Stereoscopic Company 236
CARICATURE OF HUXLEY DRAWN BY HIMSELF--_Reproduced by permission from "Natural Science," vol. vii., No. 46._ 276

LIST OF HUXLEY'S WRITINGS
This list is offered, not as a bibliography in the technical sense, but as an indication of the sources in which the vast majority of Huxley's scientific and general work may be consulted most conveniently.
The Scientific Memoirs of Thomas Henry Huxley. Edited by Professor Sir Michael Foster and Professor E. Ray Lankester; in four volumes. London, Macmillan & Co.; New York, D. Appleton.
This magnificent collection is intended to contain all Huxley's original scientific papers, brought together from the multitude of scientific periodicals in which they appeared, with reproductions of the original illustrations. The only exception is the monograph on Oceanic Hydrozoa. The first volume appeared in 1898; the second in 1899, and the others are to follow quickly.
_Collected Essays by T.H. Huxley_; nine volumes of the Eversley Series. Macmillan & Co. London, 1893-95.
This set, edited by Huxley himself, contains the more important of his more general contributions to science and his literary, philosophical, and political and critical essays. Each volume has a preface specially written, and the first volume contains his autobiography.
_The Oceanic Hydrozoa_; a description of the Calycophorid? and Physophorid? observed during the Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake in the years 1846-50, with a general introduction. Ray Society. London, 1859.
_Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature_. Williams & Norgate. London, 1863.
_On our Knowledge of the Causes of Organic Phenomena_; being Six Lectures to Working Men. Hardwicke. London, 1863.
Lectures on the Elements of Comparative Anatomy. On the Classification of Animals and the Vertebrate Skull. Churchill & Sons. London, 1864.
An Elementary Atlas of Comparative Osteology. In twelve plates. Williams & Norgate. London, 1864.
Lessons in Elementary Physiology. Macmillan & Co. London, 1866.
An Introduction to the Classification of Animals. Churchill. London, 1869.
A Manual of the Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals. Churchill. London, 1871.
A Course of Practical Instruction in Elementary Biology, assisted by H.N. Martin. Macmillan. London, 1875.
A Manual of the Anatomy of Invertebrated Animals. Churchill. London, 1877.
_Lay Sermons, Essays, and Reviews_. Macmillan. London, 1877.
_American Addresses, with a Lecture on the Study of Biology_. Macmillan. London, 1877.
_Physiography, an Introduction to the Study of Zo?logy_. International Scientific Series. Kegan Paul. London, 1880.
Introductory Primer. Science Primers. Macmillan. London, 1880.
The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin. Edited by his son, Francis Darwin. Volume II., with Chapter V. by Professor Huxley on the Reception of the Origin of Species. John Murray. London, 1887.
Life of Richard Owen. By his grandson. With an Essay on Owen's Position in Anatomical Science, by T.H. Huxley. John Murray. London, 1894.

THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY
CHAPTER I
FROM SCHOOL TO LIFE-WORK
Birth--Parentage--School-days--Choice of Medical Profession--Charing Cross Hospital--End of Medical Studies--Admission to Naval Medical Service.
Some men are born to greatness: even before their arrival in the world their future is marked out for them. All the advantages that wealth and the experience of friends can bring attend their growth to manhood, and their success almost loses its interest because of the ease with which it is attained. Few of the leaders of science were in such a position: many