The War and Democracy | Page 2

ideas as to how the principles
laid down by our statesmen are to be converted into practice, it may
find itself confronted, as it was confronted in 1814, with a situation
which it can neither understand nor control, and with a settlement
which will perpetuate many of the abuses which this war ought to
remove. Our best excuse is supplied by the attitude of many leaders of
German political thought--men like Franz von Liszt, Ostwald; and Paul
Rohrbach--who are already mapping out the world according to their
victorious fancies.
_December 1914._

R.W.S.-W. J.D.W. A.E.Z. A.G.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTORY
By ALFRED E. ZIMMERN, M.A., late Fellow and Tutor of New
College, Oxford; Author of The Greek Commonwealth

CHAPTER II
THE NATIONAL IDEA IN EUROPE, 1789-1914 By J. DOVER
WILSON, M.A., Gonville and Cains College, Cambridge, late Lecturer
in the University of Helsingfors, Finland
1. NATION AND NATIONALITY 2. THE BIRTH OF
NATIONALISM: POLAND AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 3.
THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA AND THE INTERNATIONAL IDEA
4. THE NATIONAL IDEA IN BELGIUM AND THE PROBLEM OF
SMALL NATIONS 5. THE NATIONAL IDEA IN ITALY: THE
IDEAL TYPE 6. THE NATIONAL IDEA IN GERMANY: A CASE
OF ARRESTED DEVELOPMENT 7. THE MAP OF EUROPE,
1814-1914

CHAPTER III
GERMANY By ALFRED E. ZIMMERN
1. THE GERMAN STATE 2. THE REAL GERMANY 3. PRUSSIA 4.
GERMANY SINCE 1870

CHAPTER IV
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND THE SOUTHERN SLAVS By R.W.
SETON-WATSON, D.Litt., New College, Oxford, author of _Racial
Problems in Hungary, The Southern Slav Question_, etc.
INTRODUCTION
1. AUSTRIA AND THE HABSBURGS 2. HUNGARY AND
MAGYAR MISRULE 3. THE DECAY OF THE DUAL SYSTEM 4.
THE GENESIS OF THE SOUTHERN SLAVS 5. THE
RENAISSANCE OF SERBIA 6. SERBO-CROAT UNITY 7. THE
BALKAN WARS 8. THE MURDER OF THE ARCHDUKE 9. THE
FUTURE OF THE SOUTHERN SLAVS

CHAPTER V
RUSSIA By J. DOVER WILSON
1. THE RUSSIAN STATE 2. RELIGION 3. THE
REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE 4.
THE SUBJECT NATIONALITIES

CHAPTER VI
FOREIGN POLICY [_Contributed_]
A. THE MEANING OF FOREIGN POLICY
1. THE FOREIGN OFFICE 2. THE WORK OF THE FOREIGN
OFFICE 3. THE BALANCE OF POWER 4. THE ESTIMATION OF
NATIONAL FORCES

B. THE DEMOCRATISATION OF FOREIGN POLICY
1. DEMOCRACY AND PEACE 2. FOREIGN POLICY AND
POPULAR FORCES 3. FOREIGN POLICY AND EDUCATION

CHAPTER VII
THE ISSUES OF THE WAR By R.W. SETON-WATSON
1. IS THERE AN IDEA BEHIND THE WAR? 2. THE AIMS OF
BRITISH STATESMANSHIP 3. BRITAIN AND GERMANY 4.
NATIONALITY AND THE GERMAN EMPIRE (1)
ALSACE-LORRAINE, (2) SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN, (3) POLAND
5. THE FUTURE OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY--MINIMUM AND
MAXIMUM LOSSES 6. THE SOUTHERN SLAV QUESTION 7.
THE ROUMANIAN QUESTION 8. CAN THE DUAL MONARCHY
BE REPLACED? 9. BOHEMIA AND HUNGARY 10. GERMANY
AND AUSTRIA 11. ITALIAN ASPIRATIONS 12. THE BALKAN
SITUATION: BULGARIA AND GREECE 13. THE FUTURE OF
TURKEY 14. RUSSIA AND CONSTANTINOPLE 15. ASIATIC
TURKEY 16. RUSSIA AND POLAND 17. GENERAL AIMS

CHAPTER VIII
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE WAR By ARTHUR
GREENWOOD, B.Sc., Lecturer in Economics at the University of
Leeds
INTRODUCTION
A. STATE ACTION IN INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE
B. IMMEDIATE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF THE
WAR

1. FOREIGN TRADE 2. UNEMPLOYMENT AND SHORT TIME 3.
TRADE UNIONS, CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES, AND DISTRESS 4.
THE NEW SPIRIT
C. AFTER THE WAR
1. GENERAL EFFECTS 2. POSSIBLE INDUSTRIAL
DEVELOPMENTS 3. SOCIAL EFFECTS AND THE NEW
OUTLOOK

CHAPTER IX
GERMAN CULTURE AND THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH By
ALFRED E. ZIMMERN
1. THE TWO ISSUES 2. CULTURE 3. CULTURE AS A STATE
PRODUCT 4. GERMAN AND BRITISH IDEALS OF EDUCATION
5. GERMAN AND BRITISH IDEALS OF CIVILISATION 6. THE
PRINCIPLE OF THE COMMONWEALTH 7. THE FUTURE OF
CIVILISATION 8. THE TWO ROADS OF ADVANCE:
INTER-STATE ACTION AND COMMON CITIZENSHIP
INDEX
MAPS
THE PARTITION OF POLAND EUROPE IN 1815 GERMANY IN
1815 PRUSSIA SINCE THE ACCESSION OF FREDERICK THE
GREAT AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: PHYSICAL THE
FRANCO-GERMAN FRONTIER AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:
POLITICAL DIVISIONS RACIAL AND NATIONAL
BOUNDARIES IN CENTRAL EUROPE

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTORY
"It seems to me that the amount of lawlessness and crime, the amount
of waste and futility, the amount of war and war possibility and war
danger in the world are just the measure of the present inadequacy of
the world's system of collective organisations to the purpose before
them. It follows from this very directly that only one thing can end war
on the earth, and that is a subtle mental development, an idea, the
development of the idea of the world commonweal in the collective
mind."--H.G. WELLS in 1908.
THIS is a testing time for Democracy. The people of Great Britain and
the Dominions, to whom all the world looks as the trustees, together
with France and America, of the great democratic tradition, are brought
face to face, for the first time, with their full ultimate responsibility as
British citizens. Upon