The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India | Page 6

scalp-lock 272 119. Snake-charmer with cobras 292 120. Transplanting rice 340 121. Group of Pardhans 350 122. Little girls playing 400 123. Gujarati girls doing figures with strings and sticks 402 124. Ornaments 524 125. Teli's oil-press 544 126. The Goddess Kali 574 127. Waghya mendicants 604

PRONUNCIATION
a has the sound of u in but or murmur. a has the sound of a in bath or tar. e has the sound of �� in ��cart�� or ai in maid. i has the sound of i in bit, or (as a final letter) of y in sulky i has the sound of ee in beet. o has the sound of o in bore or bowl. u has the sound of u in put or bull. u has the sound of oo in poor or boot.
The plural of caste names and a few common Hindustani words is formed by adding s in the English manner according to ordinary usage, though this is not, of course, the Hindustani plural.
Note.--The rupee contains 16 annas, and an anna is of the same value as a penny. A pice is a quarter of an anna, or a farthing. Rs. 1-8 signifies one rupee and eight annas. A lakh is a hundred thousand, and a krore ten million.


PART I.
INTRODUCTORY ESSAY ON CASTE

List of Paragraphs
1. The Central Provinces. 2. Constitution of the population. 3. The word 'Caste.' 4. The meaning of the term 'Caste.' 5. The subcaste. 6. Confusion of nomenclature. 7. Tests of what a caste is. 8. The four traditional castes. 9. Occupational theory of caste. 10. Racial theory. 11. Entry of the Aryans into India. The Aryas and Dasyus. 12. The Sudra. 13. The Vaishya. 14. Mistaken modern idea of the Vaishyas. 15. Mixed unions of the four classes. 16. Hypergamy. 17. The mixed castes. The village menials. 18. Social gradation of castes. 19. Castes ranking above the cultivators. 20. Castes from whom a Brahman can take water. Higher agriculturists. 21. Status of the cultivator. 22. The clan and the village. 23. The ownership of land. 24. The cultivating status that of the Vaishya. 25. Higher professional and artisan castes. 26. Castes from whom a Brahman cannot take water; the village menials. 27. The village watchmen. 28. The village priests. The gardening castes. 29. Other village traders and menials. 30. Household servants. 31. Status of the village menials. 32. Origin of their status. 33. Other castes who rank with the village menials. 34. The non-Aryan tribes. 35. The Kolarians and Dravidians. 36. Kolarian tribes. 37. Dravidian tribes. 38. Origin of the Kolarian tribes. 39. Of the Dravidian tribes. 40. Origin of the impure castes. 41. Derivation of the impure castes from the indigenous tribes. 42. Occupation the basis of the caste-system. 43. Other agents in the formation of castes. 44. Caste occupations divinely ordained. 45. Subcastes, local type. 46. Occupational subcastes. 47. Subcastes formed from social or religious differences, or from mixed descent. 48. Exogamous groups. 49. Totemistic clans. 50. Terms of relationship. 51. Clan kinship and totemism. 52. Animate Creation. 53. The distribution of life over the body. 54. Qualities associated with animals. 55. Primitive language. 56. Concrete nature of primitive ideas. 57. Words and names concrete. 58. The soul or spirit. 59. The transmission of qualities. 60. The faculty of counting. Confusion of the individual and the species. 61. Similarity and identity. 62. The recurrence of events. 63. Controlling the future. 64. The common life. 65. The common life of the clan. 66. Living and eating together. 67. The origin of exogamy. 68. Promiscuity and female descent. 69. Exogamy with female descent. 70. Marriage. 71. Marriage by capture. 72. Transfer of the bride to her husband's clan. 73. The exogamous clan with male descent and the village. 74. The large exogamous clans of the Brahmans and Rajputs. The Sapindas, the gens and the g'enoc. 75. Comparison of Hindu society with that of Greece and Rome. The gens. 76. The clients. 77. The plebeians. 78. The binding social tie in the city-states. 79. The Suovetaurilia. 80. The sacrifice of the domestic animal. 81. Sacrifices of the gens and phratry. 82. The Hindu caste-feasts. 83. Taking food at initiation. 84. Penalty feasts. 85. Sanctity of grain-food. 86. The corn-spirit. 87. The king. 88. Other instances of the common meal as a sacrificial rite. 89. Funeral feasts. 90. The Hindu deities and the sacrificial meal. 91. Development of the occupational caste from the tribe. 92. Veneration of the caste implements. 93. The caste panchayat and its code of offences. 94. The status of impurity. 95. Caste and Hinduism. 96. The Hindu reformers. 97. Decline of the caste system.

1. The Central Provinces.
The territory controlled by the Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces and Berar has an area of 131,000 square miles and a population of 16,000,000 persons. Situated