The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India | Page 6

Weaving: sizing the warp 142 111. Winding thread 144 112. Bride and

bridegroom with marriage crowns 166 113. Bullocks drawing water
with mot 170 114. Mang musicians with drums 186 115. Statue of
Maratha leader, Bimbaji Bhonsla, in armour 200 116. Image of the god
Vishnu as Vithoba 248 117. Coolie women with babies slung at the
side 256 118. Hindu men showing the choti or scalp-lock 272 119.
Snake-charmer with cobras 292 120. Transplanting rice 340 121. Group
of Pardhans 350 122. Little girls playing 400 123. Gujarati girls doing
figures with strings and sticks 402 124. Ornaments 524 125. Teli's
oil-press 544 126. The Goddess Kali 574 127. Waghya mendicants 604

PRONUNCIATION
a has the sound of u in but or murmur. a has the sound of a in bath or
tar. e has the sound of é in écarté or ai in maid. i has the sound of i in
bit, or (as a final letter) of y in sulky i has the sound of ee in beet. o has
the sound of o in bore or bowl. u has the sound of u in put or bull. u has
the sound of oo in poor or boot.
The plural of caste names and a few common Hindustani words is
formed by adding s in the English manner according to ordinary usage,
though this is not, of course, the Hindustani plural.
Note.--The rupee contains 16 annas, and an anna is of the same value as
a penny. A pice is a quarter of an anna, or a farthing. Rs. 1-8 signifies
one rupee and eight annas. A lakh is a hundred thousand, and a krore
ten million.


PART I.
INTRODUCTORY ESSAY ON CASTE

List of Paragraphs
1. The Central Provinces. 2. Constitution of the population. 3. The
word 'Caste.' 4. The meaning of the term 'Caste.' 5. The subcaste. 6.
Confusion of nomenclature. 7. Tests of what a caste is. 8. The four
traditional castes. 9. Occupational theory of caste. 10. Racial theory.
11. Entry of the Aryans into India. The Aryas and Dasyus. 12. The
Sudra. 13. The Vaishya. 14. Mistaken modern idea of the Vaishyas. 15.
Mixed unions of the four classes. 16. Hypergamy. 17. The mixed castes.
The village menials. 18. Social gradation of castes. 19. Castes ranking
above the cultivators. 20. Castes from whom a Brahman can take water.
Higher agriculturists. 21. Status of the cultivator. 22. The clan and the
village. 23. The ownership of land. 24. The cultivating status that of the
Vaishya. 25. Higher professional and artisan castes. 26. Castes from
whom a Brahman cannot take water; the village menials. 27. The
village watchmen. 28. The village priests. The gardening castes. 29.
Other village traders and menials. 30. Household servants. 31. Status
of the village menials. 32. Origin of their status. 33. Other castes who
rank with the village menials. 34. The non-Aryan tribes. 35. The
Kolarians and Dravidians. 36. Kolarian tribes. 37. Dravidian tribes. 38.
Origin of the Kolarian tribes. 39. Of the Dravidian tribes. 40. Origin of
the impure castes. 41. Derivation of the impure castes from the
indigenous tribes. 42. Occupation the basis of the caste-system.
43.
Other agents in the formation of castes. 44. Caste occupations divinely
ordained. 45. Subcastes, local type. 46. Occupational subcastes. 47.
Subcastes formed from social or religious differences, or from mixed
descent. 48. Exogamous groups. 49. Totemistic clans. 50. Terms of
relationship. 51. Clan kinship and totemism. 52. Animate Creation. 53.
The distribution of life over the body. 54. Qualities associated with
animals. 55. Primitive language. 56. Concrete nature of primitive ideas.
57. Words and names concrete. 58. The soul or spirit. 59. The
transmission of qualities. 60. The faculty of counting. Confusion of the
individual and the species. 61. Similarity and identity. 62. The
recurrence of events. 63. Controlling the future. 64. The common life.
65. The common life of the clan. 66. Living and eating together. 67. The
origin of exogamy. 68. Promiscuity and female descent. 69. Exogamy
with female descent. 70. Marriage. 71. Marriage by capture. 72.

Transfer of the bride to her husband's clan. 73. The exogamous clan
with male descent and the village. 74. The large exogamous clans of
the Brahmans and Rajputs. The Sapindas, the gens and the g'enoc. 75.
Comparison of Hindu society with that of Greece and Rome. The gens.
76. The clients. 77. The plebeians. 78. The binding social tie in the
city-states. 79. The Suovetaurilia. 80. The sacrifice of the domestic
animal. 81. Sacrifices of the gens and phratry. 82. The Hindu
caste-feasts. 83. Taking food at initiation. 84. Penalty feasts. 85.
Sanctity of grain-food. 86. The corn-spirit. 87. The king. 88. Other
instances of the common meal as a sacrificial rite. 89. Funeral feasts.
90. The Hindu deities and the