The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America 1638-1870 | Page 2

The South Carolina Repeal of 1803 89 52. The Louisiana Slave-Trade,
1803-1805 91 53. Last Attempts at Taxation, 1805-1806 94 54.
Key-Note of the Period 96
CHAPTER VIII
THE PERIOD OF ATTEMPTED SUPPRESSION, 1807-1825
55. The Act of 1807 97 56. _The First Question: How shall illegally
imported Africans be disposed of?_ 99 57. The Second Question: How
shall Violations be punished? 104 58. _The Third Question: How shall
the Interstate Coastwise Slave-Trade be protected?_ 106 59. Legislative
History of the Bill 107 60. Enforcement of the Act 111 61. Evidence of
the Continuance of the Trade 112 62. Apathy of the Federal
Government 115 63. Typical Cases 120 64. The Supplementary Acts,
1818-1820 121 65. Enforcement of the Supplementary Acts, 1818-1825
126
CHAPTER IX
THE INTERNATIONAL STATUS OF THE SLAVE-TRADE,
1783-1862
66. _The Rise of the Movement against the Slave-Trade, 1788-1807_
133 67. Concerted Action of the Powers, 1783-1814 134 68. Action of
the Powers from 1814 to 1820 136 69. _The Struggle for an
International Right of Search, 1820-1840_ 137 70. Negotiations of
1823-1825 140 71. _The Attitude of the United States and the State of
the Slave-Trade_ 142 72. The Quintuple Treaty, 1839-1842 145 73.
Final Concerted Measures, 1842-1862 148
CHAPTER X
THE RISE OF THE COTTON KINGDOM, 1820-1850

74. The Economic Revolution 152 75. The Attitude of the South 154 76.
The Attitude of the North and Congress 156 77. Imperfect Application
of the Laws 159 78. Responsibility of the Government 161 79. Activity
of the Slave-Trade, 1820-1850 163
CHAPTER XI
THE FINAL CRISIS, 1850-1870
80. The Movement against the Slave-Trade Laws 168 81. Commercial
Conventions of 1855-1856 169 82. Commercial Conventions of
1857-1858 170 83. Commercial Convention of 1859 172 84. Public
Opinion in the South 173 85. The Question in Congress 174 86.
Southern Policy in 1860 176 87. Increase of the Slave-Trade from 1850
to 1860 178 88. Notorious Infractions of the Laws 179 89. Apathy of
the Federal Government 182 90. Attitude of the Southern Confederacy
187 91. Attitude of the United States 190
CHAPTER XII
THE ESSENTIALS IN THE STRUGGLE
92. How the Question Arose 193 93. The Moral Movement 194 94. The
Political Movement 195 95. The Economic Movement 195 96. The
Lesson for Americans 196
APPENDICES
A. _A Chronological Conspectus of Colonial and State Legislation
restricting the African Slave-Trade, 1641-1787_ 199
B. _A Chronological Conspectus of State, National, and International
Legislation, 1788-1871_ 234
C. _Typical Cases of Vessels engaged in the American Slave-Trade,
1619-1864_ 306
D. Bibliography 316

INDEX 347
* * * * *

Chapter I
INTRODUCTORY.
1. Plan of the Monograph. 2. The Rise of the English Slave-Trade.
1. Plan of the Monograph. This monograph proposes to set forth the
efforts made in the United States of America, from early colonial times
until the present, to limit and suppress the trade in slaves between
Africa and these shores.
The study begins with the colonial period, setting forth in brief the
attitude of England and, more in detail, the attitude of the planting,
farming, and trading groups of colonies toward the slave-trade. It deals
next with the first concerted effort against the trade and with the further
action of the individual States. The important work of the
Constitutional Convention follows, together with the history of the
trade in that critical period which preceded the Act of 1807. The
attempt to suppress the trade from 1807 to 1830 is next recounted. A
chapter then deals with the slave-trade as an international problem.
Finally the development of the crises up to the Civil War is studied,
together with the steps leading to the final suppression; and a
concluding chapter seeks to sum up the results of the investigation.
Throughout the monograph the institution of slavery and the interstate
slave-trade are considered only incidentally.
2. The Rise of the English Slave-Trade. Any attempt to consider the
attitude of the English colonies toward the African slave-trade must be
prefaced by a word as to the attitude of England herself and the
development of the trade in her hands.[1]
Sir John Hawkins's celebrated voyage took place in 1562, but probably
not until 1631[2] did a regular chartered company undertake to carry on

the trade.[3] This company was unsuccessful,[4] and was eventually
succeeded by the "Company of Royal Adventurers trading to Africa,"
chartered by Charles II. in 1662, and including the Queen Dowager and
the Duke of York.[5] The company contracted to supply the West
Indies with three thousand slaves annually; but contraband trade,
misconduct, and war so reduced it that in 1672 it surrendered its charter
to another company for £34,000.[6] This new corporation, chartered by
Charles II. as the "Royal African Company," proved more successful
than its predecessors, and carried on a growing trade for a quarter of a
century.
In 1698 Parliamentary interference