Beds. Headon Series. Fossils of the Barton Sands and Clays. Middle Eocene of England. Shells, Nummulites, Fish and Reptiles of the Bracklesham Beds and Bagshot Sands. Plants of Alum Bay and Bournemouth. Lower Eocene of England. London Clay Fossils. Woolwich and Reading Beds formerly called "Plastic Clay." Fluviatile Beds underlying Deep-sea Strata. Thanet Sands. Upper Eocene Strata of France. Gypseous Series of Montmartre and Extinct Quadrupeds. Fossil Footprints in Paris Gypsum. Imperfection of the Record. Calcaire Silicieux. Gres de Beauchamp. Calcaire Grossier. Miliolite Limestone. Soissonnais Sands. Lower Eocene of France. Nummulitic Formations of Europe, Africa, and Asia. Eocene Strata in the United States. Gigantic Cetacean.
CHAPTER XVII.
UPPER CRETACEOUS GROUP.
Lapse of Time between Cretaceous and Eocene Periods. Table of successive Cretaceous Formations. Maestricht Beds. Pisolitic Limestone of France. Chalk of Faxoe. Geographical Extent and Origin of the White Chalk. Chalky Matter now forming in the Bed of the Atlantic. Marked Difference between the Cretaceous and existing Fauna. Chalk-flints. Pot-stones of Horstead. Vitreous Sponges in the Chalk. Isolated Blocks of Foreign Rocks in the White Chalk supposed to be ice-borne. Distinctness of Mineral Character in contemporaneous Rocks of the Cretaceous Epoch. Fossils of the White Chalk. Lower White Chalk without Flints. Chalk Marl and its Fossils. Chloritic Series or Upper Greensand. Coprolite Bed near Cambridge. Fossils of the Chloritic Series. Gault. Connection between Upper and Lower Cretaceous Strata. Blackdown Beds. Flora of the Upper Cretaceous Period. Hippurite Limestone. Cretaceous Rocks in the United States.
CHAPTER XVIII.
LOWER CRETACEOUS OR NEOCOMIAN FORMATION.
Classification of marine and fresh-water Strata. Upper Neocomian. Folkestone and Hythe Beds. Atherfield Clay. Similarity of Conditions causing Reappearance of Species after short Intervals. Upper Speeton Clay. Middle Neocomian. Tealby Series. Middle Speeton Clay. Lower Neocomian. Lower Speeton Clay. Wealden Formation. Fresh-water Character of the Wealden. Weald Clay. Hastings Sands. Punfield Beds of Purbeck, Dorsetshire. Fossil Shells and Fish of the Wealden. Area of the Wealden. Flora of the Wealden.
CHAPTER XIX.
JURASSIC GROUP.-- PURBECK BEDS AND OOLITE.
The Purbeck Beds a Member of the Jurassic Group. Subdivisions of that Group. Physical Geography of the Oolite in England and France. Upper Oolite. Purbeck Beds. New Genera of fossil Mammalia in the Middle Purbeck of Dorsetshire. Dirt-bed or ancient Soil. Fossils of the Purbeck Beds. Portland Stone and Fossils. Kimmeridge Clay. Lithographic Stone of Solenhofen. Archaeopteryx. Middle Oolite. Coral Rag. Nerinaea Limestone. Oxford Clay, Ammonites and Belemnites. Kelloway Rock. Lower, or Bath, Oolite. Great Plants of the Oolite. Oolite and Bradford Clay. Stonesfield Slate. Fossil Mammalia. Fuller's Earth. Inferior Oolite and Fossils. Northamptonshire Slates. Yorkshire Oolitic Coal-field. Brora Coal. Palaeontological Relations of the several Subdivisions of the Oolitic group.
CHAPTER XX.
JURASSIC GROUP-- CONTINUED.-- LIAS.
Mineral Character of Lias. Numerous successive Zones in the Lias, marked by distinct Fossils, without Unconformity in the Stratification, or Change in the Mineral Character of the Deposits. Gryphite Limestone. Shells of the Lias. Fish of the Lias. Reptiles of the Lias. Ichthyosaur and Plesiosaur. Marine Reptile of the Galapagos Islands. Sudden Destruction and Burial of Fossil Animals in Lias. Fluvio-marine Beds in Gloucestershire, and Insect Limestone. Fossil Plants. The origin of the Oolite and Lias, and of alternating Calcareous and Argillaceous Formations.
CHAPTER XXI.
TRIAS, OR NEW RED SANDSTONE GROUP.
Beds of Passage between the Lias and Trias, Rhaetic Beds. Triassic Mammifer. Triple Division of the Trias. Keuper, or Upper Trias of England. Reptiles of the Upper Trias. Foot-prints in the Bunter formation in England. Dolomitic Conglomerate of Bristol. Origin of Red Sandstone and Rock-salt. Precipitation of Salt from inland Lakes and Lagoons. Trias of Germany. Keuper. St. Cassian and Hallstadt Beds. Peculiarity of their Fauna. Muschelkalk and its Fossils. Trias of the United States. Fossil Foot-prints of Birds and Reptiles in the Valley of the Connecticut. Triassic Mammifer of North Carolina. Triassic Coal-field of Richmond, Virginia. Low Grade of early Mammals favourable to the Theory of Progressive Development.
CHAPTER XXII.
PERMIAN OR MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE GROUP.
Line of Separation between Mesozoic and Palaeozoic Rocks. Distinctness of Triassic and Permian Fossils. Term Permian. Thickness of calcareous and sedimentary Rocks in North of England. Upper, Middle, and Lower Permian. Marine Shells and Corals of the English Magnesian Limestone. Reptiles and Fish of Permian Marl-slate. Foot-prints of Reptiles. Angular Breccias in Lower Permian. Permian Rocks of the Continent. Zechstein and Rothliegendes of Thuringia. Permian Flora. Its generic Affinity to the Carboniferous.
CHAPTER XXIII.
THE COAL OR CARBONIFEROUS GROUP.
Principal Subdivisions of the Carboniferous Group. Different Thickness of the sedimentary and calcareous Members in Scotland and the South of England. Coal-measures. Terrestrial Nature of the Growth of Coal. Erect fossil Trees. Uniting of many Coal-seams into one thick Bed. Purity of the Coal explained. Conversion of Coal into Anthracite. Origin of Clay-ironstone. Marine and brackish-water Strata in Coal. Fossil Insects. Batrachian Reptiles. Labyrinthodont Foot-prints in Coal-measures. Nova Scotia Coal-measures with successive Growths of erect fossil Trees. Similarity of American and European Coal. Air-breathers of the American Coal. Changes of
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