The Siouan Indians | Page 4

pannch connected with the division of the group, though supposed by some to refer to "willows"); formerly called Minitari ("Cross the water," or, objectionally, Gros Ventres); on Fort Berthold reservation, North Dakota, comprising in 1796 (according to information gained by Matthews(16)) three villages--
a. Hidatsa. b. Amat��lia ("Earth-lodge [village]"?). c. Amaliami ("Mountain-country [people]"?).
B. Crow or Ab-sa��-ru-ke, on the Crow reservation, Montana.
7. Biloxi
A. Biloxi ("Trifling" or "Worthless" in Choctaw) or Ta-neks�� Han-ya-di�� ("Original people" in their own language); partly in Rapides parish, Louisiana; partly in Indian Territory, with the Choctaw and Caddo. B. Paskagula ("Bread people" in Choctaw), probably extinct. C. ?Moctobi (meaning unknown), extinct. D. ?Chozetta (meaning unknown), extinct.
8. Monakan
Monakan confederacy.
A. Monakan ("Country [people of?]"), ? extinct. B. Meipontsky (meaning unknown), extinct. C. ?Mahoc (meaning unknown), extinct. D. Nuntaneuck or Nuntaly (meaning unknown), extinct. E. Mohetan ("People of the earth"?), extinct.
Tutelo.
A. Tutelo or Ye-san�� (meaning unknown), probably extinct. B. Saponi (meaning unknown), probably extinct. (According to Mooney, the Tutelo and Saponi tribes were intimately connected or identical, and the names were used interchangeably, the former becoming more prominent after the removal of the tribal remnant from the Carolinas to New York.(17)) C. Occanichi (meaning unknown), probably extinct.
?Manahoac confederacy, extinct.
A. Manahoac (meaning unknown). B. Stegarake (meaning unknown). C. Shackakoni (meaning unknown). D. Tauxitania (meaning unknown). E. Ontponi (meaning unknown). F. Tegniati (meaning unknown). G. Whonkenti (meaning unknown). H. Hasinninga (meaning unknown).
9. Catawba or Ni-ya ("People")
A. Catawba (meaning unknown; they called themselves Ni-ya, "Men" in the comprehensive sense), nearly extinct. B. Woccon (meaning unknown), extinct. C. ? Sissipahaw (meaning unknown), extinct. D. ? Cape Fear (proper name unknown), extinct. E. ? Warrennuncock (meaning unknown), extinct. F. ? Adshusheer (meaning unknown), extinct. G. ? Eno (meaning unknown), extinct. H. ? Shocco (meaning unknown), extinct. I. ? Waxhaw (meaning unknown), extinct. J. ? Sugeri (meaning unknown), extinct. K. Santee (meaning unknown). L. Wateree (derived from the Catawba word wateran, "to float in the water"). M. Sewee (meaning unknown). N. Congaree (meaning unknown).
10. Sara (extinct)
A. Sara ("Tall grass"). B. Keyauwi (meaning unknown).
11. ? Pedee (extinct)
A. Pedee (meaning unknown). B. Waccamaw (meaning unknown). C. Winyaw (meaning unknown). D. "Hooks" and "Backhooks"(?).
The definition of the first six of these divisions is based on extended researches among the tribes and in the literature representing the work of earlier observers, and may be regarded as satisfactory. In some cases, notably the Dakota confederacy, the constitution of the divisions is also satisfactory, though in others, including the Asiniboin, Mandan, and Winnebago, the tabulation represents little more than superficial enumeration of villages and bands, generally by observers possessing little knowledge of Indian sociology or language. So far as the survivors of the Biloxi are concerned the classification is satisfactory; but there is doubt concerning the former limits of the division, and also concerning the relations of the extinct tribes referred to on slender, yet the best available, evidence. The classification of the extinct and nearly extinct Siouan Indians of the east is much less satisfactory. In several cases languages are utterly lost, and in others a few doubtful terms alone remain. In these cases affinity is inferred in part from geographic relation, but chiefly from the recorded federation of tribes and union of remnants as the aboriginal population faded under the light of brighter intelligence; and in all such instances it has been assumed that federation and union grew out of that conformity in mode of thought which is characteristic of peoples speaking identical or closely related tongues. Accordingly, while the grouping of eastern tribes rests in part on meager testimony and is open to question at many points, it is perhaps the best that can be devised, and suffices for convenience of statement if not as a final classification. So far as practicable the names adopted for the tribes, confederacies, and other groups are those in common use, the aboriginal designations, when distinct, being added in those cases in which they are known.
The present population of the Siouan stock is probably between 40,000 and 45,000, including 2,000 or more (mainly Asiniboin) in Canada.

TRIBAL NOMENCLATURE
In the Siouan stock, as among the American Indians generally, the accepted appellations for tribes and other groups are variously derived. Many of the Siouan tribal names were, like the name of the stock, given by alien peoples, including white men, though most are founded on the descriptive or other designations used in the groups to which they pertain. At first glance, the names seem to be loosely applied and perhaps vaguely defined, and this laxity in application and definition does not disappear, but rather increases, with closer examination.
There are special reasons for the indefiniteness of Indian nomenclature: The aborigines were at the time of discovery, and indeed most of them remain today, in the prescriptorial stage of culture, i.e., the stage in which ideas are crystallized, not