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THIS BOOK, VOLUME 32 IN THE CHRONICLES OF AMERICA
SERIES, ALLEN JOHNSON, EDITOR, WAS DONATED TO
PROJECT GUTENBERG BY THE JAMES J. KELLY LIBRARY OF
ST. GREGORY'S UNIVERSITY; THANKS TO ALEV AKMAN.
THE SEQUEL OF APPOMATTOX A CHRONICLE OF THE
REUNION OF THE STATES
BY WALTER LYNWOOD FLEMING
CHAPTER I.
THE AFTERMATH OF WAR
When the armies of the Union and of the Confederacy were disbanded
in 1865, two matters had been settled beyond further dispute: the Negro
was to be free, and the Union was to be perpetuated. But, though
slavery and state sovereignty were no longer at issue, there were still
many problems which pressed for solution. The huge task of
reconstruction must be faced. The nature of the situation required that
the measures of reconstruction be first formulated in Washington by the
victors and then worked out in the conquered South. Since the success
of these policies would depend in a large measure upon their
acceptability to both sections of the country, it was expected that the
North would be influenced to some extent by the attitude of the
Southern people, which in turn would be determined largely by local
conditions in the South. The situation in the South at the close of the
Civil War is, therefore, the point at which this narrative of the
reconstruction naturally takes its beginning.
The surviving Confederate soldiers came straggling back to
communities, which were now far from being satisfactory dwelling
places for civilized people. Everywhere they found missing many of the
best of their former neighbors. They found property destroyed, the
labor system disorganized, and the inhabitants in many places suffering
from want. They found the white people demoralized and sometimes
divided among themselves and the Negroes free, bewildered, and
disorderly, for organized government had lapsed with the surrender of
the Confederate armies.
Beneath a disorganized society lay a devastated land. The destruction
of property affected all